Oxfendazole 2 is a broad spectrum anthelmintic belonging to the benzimidazole group of anthelmintics. A trial was carried out at the Wadi-Elmollack Farm in Sharkia Governorate to evaluate its efficacy in the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infection in naturally infested sheep. The effect of treatment on gener~ii health and condition, growth rate and selected blood parameters was also studied. During the trial the sheep were housed except for a period of three hours each day when they were at pasture.Before the sheep were allocated into groups for the trial faecal samples were collected from each animal on three successive days for worm egg counts and the pooled samples were cultured to identify and estimate the percentage of the various genera of nematode larvae present (Eckert, 1963). The nine to 12 month old sheep were divided into two groups each with a similar range of egg counts. Group 1 consisted of 10 sheep which served as untreated controls. Group 2 comprised 20 sheep each being treated with oxfendazole at 4-5 mg/kg body weight. All the sheep were weighed and blood samples taken on the day of treatment and 30 days later. Further faecal samples were taken from all the sheep seven, 15 and 30 days post-treatment. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out by conventional techniques.The larvae recovered from the cultures from the control sheep were 43% Trichostrongylus spp., 20% Haemonchus spp. and 28% Ostertagia spp. This infestation pattern is very similar to that observed previously in naturally infested sheep (Selim, Ibrahim, Fouda and Hilali, 1977). The mean faecal egg count for the treated animals fell from 1,024 epg to zero by seven days after treatment and remained negative thereafter while the mean count for the control group rose from 997 epg before treatment to 1,252 epg 30 days after treatment. The mean liveweight gain in the treated animals during the two months following treatment was 3.2 kg compared with 0.4 kg for the untreated sheep. The haematological and biochemical data from the sheep in Group 2 are shown in Table I. It is concluded that 0xfendazole is an effective anthelmintic for the eradication of mature and immature gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Treatment caused no adverse effects on either cellular or biochemical constituents of the blood and resulted in a significant increase in weight gains.
A total of 100 samples of raw Buffalo milk including (50 from dairy shops and 50 from dairy farms) were collected randomly at Sharkia Governorate for chemical and microbiological evaluation. Chemical assessment of the milk samples collected from dairy shops revealed that the mean values of Fat, Solid Not Fat (SNF), Protein, Lactose and Salts percentages were 6.06±0.36, 9.08±0.23, 3.54±0.09, 4.73±0.14 and 0.74±0.02 respectively, while dairy farm samples were 6.18±0.31, 9.53±0.44, 3.89±0.09, 5.12±0.15 and 0.78±0.03; correspondingly. Microbiological examination revealed that the mean values of faecal coliforms were 2.03×10 6 ± 0.75×10 6 and 1.8×10 6 ± 0.59×10 6 in dairy shops and farms, respectively. The identified species of isolated coliform organisms in both types of milk were Citrobacter diversus (11.3% vs 11.1%) Citrobacter freundii (9.6% vs 9.6%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.1% vs 9.6%), Enterobacter agglomerans (11.3 vs 10.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (13% vs 11.1%), Klebsila oxytoca (9.6% vs 11.9%), Klebsila pneumoniae (9.6% vs 10.4%) and E.coli (23.5% vs 25.9%); respectively. Mean values of total staphylococci were 4.29×10 6 ± 0.21×10 6 and 8.08×10 6 ± 2.27×10 6 in milk samples of shops and farms respectively. The identified species in both types were S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. capitis and S. intermedius with percentages of 28% vs 35%, 48% vs 41%, 10% vs 12%, 8% vs 7% and 6% vs 5%; respectively. It was exposed that 8 strains (28.57%) and 10 strains (28.57%) were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus that containing mecA gene. In conclusion, high prevalence of different udder pathogens among dairy animals may attributed to the lack of sanitary conditions that adapted in dairy farm. So, restriction to application of hygienic measures in dairy farms as well as quality control and quality assurance programs should be adopted to get safe and good quality raw milk.
Response of M. javanica infected soybean plants to seed soaking in aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid, indole acetic acid, lysine and thiamine, at 500 and 1000 ppm for five hours before sowing was studied in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions at 27±5°C. Results indicated that the tested chemicals obviously suppressed galling and reproduction of M. javanica, since number of galls and eggmasses on roots and infective juveniles in soil as well as rate of nematode reproduction were significantly decreased in soaked seed treatments. Seed soaked in 1000 ppm gave relatively higher effect compared to 500 ppm. With respect to the effect on certain plant growth parameters, results clearly indicated that all treatments alleviated the inhibitory effect of M. javanica and inhanced growth of soybean plants.Regarding to chemical analysis , it was found that as the concentration of the tested compounds increased from 500 to 1000 ppm, free phenols were increased, except in thiamine treatment, while amount of total phenols did not show certain trend. On the other hand, increasing concentration obviously increased reducing sugars, except in indole acetic acid treatment which showed slight increase in reducing sugars. However, opposite trend was noticed with total amino acids, since increasing concentration decreased total amino acids in all treatments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.