A very important segment, which occurs as a result of welding, is the occurrence of residual stresses in welded structures. The effects of residual stresses can be beneficial or harmful to the structure, depending on their size, sign, and stress distribution in relation to the stresses caused by the external load itself. Therefore, the examination of residual stresses is very important because they significantly affect the formation and growth of cracks, the appearance of brittle fractures, material fatigue, etc. The paper presents the test procedure for measuring residual stresses by the method of "hole drilling" and the possibility of practical application of knowledge about residual stresses in order to improve the quality of machine parts and the structure itself.
The largest number of welded structures in operating conditions is exposed to variable loads, which is why the share of fatigue fracture in the failure of welded structures is higher than others. The essence of construction with fracture safety is that the structure can withstand the designed load in the designed time. If a crack is detected during operation, it is possible to predict the development of damage during the service life as well as the load-bearing capacity of the structure depending on the development of damage. The paper describes a new system for monitoring fatigue crack growth, which is based on the change in the resistance of the measuring foil during crack growth. The system is compatible with the basic settings of the ASTM E647–86 standard, which refers to the determination of the fatigue crack growth rate.
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