No abstract

The spontaneous assembly of a peptide bolaamphiphile in water, namely, RFL4FR (R, arginine; F, phenylalanine; L, leucine) is investigated, along with its novel properties in surface modification and usage as substrates for cell culture. RFL4FR self-assembles into nanosheets through lateral association of the peptide backbone. The L4 sequence is located within the core of the nanosheets, whereas the R moieties are exposed to the water at the surface of the nanosheets. Kinetic assays indicate that the self-assembly is driven by a remarkable two-step process, where a nucleation phase is followed by fast growth of nanosheets with an autocatalysis process. The internal structure of the nanosheets is formed from ultrathin bolaamphiphile monolayers with a crystalline orthorhombic symmetry with cross-β organization. We show that human corneal stromal fibroblast (hCSF) cells can grow on polystyrene films coated with films dried from RFL4FR solutions. For the first time, this type of amphiphilic peptide is used as a substrate to modulate the wettability of solid surfaces for cell culture applications.

The self-assembly and bioactivity of a peptide amphiphile (PA) incorporating a 13-residue sequence derived from the last 13 amino acids of the C-terminus of lumican, C16-YEALRVANEVTLN, attached to a hexadecyl (C16) lipid chain have been examined. Lumican is a proteoglycan found in many types of tissue and is involved in collagen fibril organization. A critical aggregation concentration (cac) for the PA was determined through pyrene fluorescence measurements. The structure of the aggregates was imaged using electron microscopy, and twisted and curved nanotapes were observed. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering and fiber X-ray diffraction reveal that these tapes contain interdigitated bilayers of the PA molecules. FTIR and circular dichroism spectroscopy and fiber X-ray diffraction indicate that the lumican sequence in the PA adopts a β-sheet secondary structure. Cell assays using human dermal fibroblasts show that below the cac the PA displays good biocompatibility and also stimulates collagen production over a period of 3 weeks, exceeding a 2-fold enhancement for several concentrations. Thus, this PA has promise in future biological applications, in particular, in tissue engineering.

Lumican derived peptide amphiphiles can stimulate cells to produce greater amounts of collagen when used in an aggregated form. Moreover this effect is maintained following dilution suggesting that the aggregated forms are kinetically trapped when formed at high concentration.