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ENERGY USAGE IN THE KITCHENHeat and material culture in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Dutch cookbooks Merit Hondelink FIGURE 8.1 Example from De cierlycke voorsnydinge aller tafel-gerechten.How to properly cut an artichoke.
Comparing apples, quinces and pears. While establishing the identification possibilities of subfossil plant tissues derived from cesspits, the following question arose: is variation within species a limiting factor for establishing diagnostic characteristics? In order to answer this question core fragments of modern fruits of Apples, Quinces and Pears were examined. These fragments are frequently encountered during archaeobotanical analyses of cesspits. However, they are rarely identified to a species level, due to a lack of criteria for identification. This study also aims to provide criteria for identification in addition to visual reference material. A comparison of modern and subfossil remains revealed that the characteristics of Apple and Quince show similarities, which complicates the identification possibilities of these two species. However, it is possible to distinguish between the core fragments of Apple and Pear.
What’s for dinner at the Oude Mannenhuis? This paper focuses on providing a nuanced picture of the daily meal consumed at the Oude Mannenhuis, an almshouse for elderly men in Early Modern Delft (1411-1792). It aims to do so by combining historical documents dealing with food-purchase orders and archaeobotanical macro remains taken from the cesspits. The historical documents, written by the steward, suggest a frugal and monotonous diet, which appears to be incomplete as it lacks generic food items such as fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices known to have been consumed during the medieval and Early Modern periods. Yet the additional archaeobotanical data shows that at least 43 edible plant species were consumed by the residents of the Oude Mannenhuis. Most of these species are indigenous and were probably grown within and around the town of Delft, though some exotic species were also present. This combined research shows a more nuanced picture of the daily menu consumed by the elderly men of the Oude Mannenhuis.
From traditional archaeology to ecological archaeology: looking back and looking ahead in a jubilee year. The start of archaeological research at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen dates back to 1920. From the 1930s, research on subfossil plant remains became integrated into the archaeological research. Three research disciplines became established: palynology, research on wood, and research on non-woody macro remains (in particular seeds and fruits). Because this research deals with cells, tissues and organisms, identifications are possible to a low taxonomic level, which facilitates a detailed reconstruction of former vegetation and food economies. Future research would benefit from a further integration of these distinct disciplines within biological archaeology, as well as a further integration of biological archaeology within the study of archaeology. Such an approach could be designated as ecological archaeology.
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