Colorectal cancer is a type of oncopathology widespread in Kazakhstan. The genetic component, as well as the possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms, is widely studied. One of the most promising areas is the study of diagnostic and prognostic possibilities of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with different degrees of tumor differentiation. The following biomarkers were included in the study panel: stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), soluble Fas (SFAS), soluble Fas ligand (sFASL), transforming growth factor β (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The data of our study show that most of the basic proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the systemic process and their levels do not depend on the level of tissue differentiation. Serum PD-L1 has shown itself to be a promising marker for tumor growth, which depends on the degree of differentiation.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most often diagnosed malignant tumors. In Kazakhstan, high incidence of CC is registered along with other oncology diseases. Despite a significant progress in the disease treatment achieved lately, CC is still one of the major reasons of mortality due to oncologic pathologies.To study the samples MilliplexMap HumanCirculationBiomarker panel in blood serum was used. XMap-based Fluorescence immunoassay was implemented, which comprised magnetic-bead-based simultaneous fluorescence detection of IL-6, IL-8, MIF, FGF-2, SCF, TGF, TNF, TRAIL analytes. Proinflammatory biomarker concentration detection at different CC stages allows to reveal the dynamics of inflammatory response of the organism to tumor and to use them (biomarkers) in further diagnostic and forecast in particular in CC. As a result of our study, it was found that IL-6, which showed the brightest reaction, due to its range of change and considerable shift already in the I stage can be recommended as a component of a complex diagnostic panel. Such markers as FGF2 and MIF also have a role in CC early stage detection.
BACKGROUND: Recently, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in oncopathology, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has become a subject of discussion. Literature review showed that in CRC, there are separate experimental and clinical studies devoted to assess the ability of neutrophils to form NET. A methodological approach, common to these studies, was that the ability of blood neutrophils in patients with CRC to form NET was evaluated in vitro. AIM: We undertook a study of the NETs presence in the tumor tissues, on the periphery of the tumor, and in healthy tissues with CRC at different stages and different types of therapy. METHODS: The study was carried out in the framework of the scientific and technical program “Personalized approach to the management of number of significant diseases” developed by the Non-commercial Joint-Stock Company “Karaganda Medical University,” funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. RESULTS: Patients with CRC II and III stages are more likely to have NET in the center, on the periphery of the tumor and in healthy tissues adjacent to the tumor than in patients with CRC of Stage I. It was also found that radiation therapy as a pre-operative preparation contributed to an increase in the number of NET in the center of the tumor in patients with Stage I rectal cancer. CONCLUSION: Thus, our data revealed an increase in NET in the center and periphery of CRC, and an increase in their number after pre-operative radiation therapy was shown. The next stage of our study will be devoted to study the structural features of NET and their interaction with other effector cells and tumor cells.
Results. There was an annual increase in the number of calls for all cases of hypertension complications in relation to the higher rate of hospitalization by 2014. The causes of non-100% hospitalization for life-threatening hypertension complications were revealed. Incomplete diagnostic data were one of the reasons for delayed diagnosis and development of prehospital complications from hypertension. When emergency care was rendered, differentiation therapy for hypertension complications was not always withstood; the use of drugs was noted to be unwarranted and contrary to the data of evidence-based medicine. Conclusion. The management of patients with associated complications from hypertension does not fully comply with the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols of the Ministry of health of the republic of kazakhstan.Keywords: hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, uncomplicated hypertensive crisis, emergency medical care.АГ -артериальная гипертония БСК -болезни системы кровообращения ГК -гипертонический криз МКБ -международная классификация болезней НГК -неосложненный гипертонический криз ОИМ -острый инфаркт миокарда ОЛ -отек легких ОНМК -острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения ОССМП -Областная станция скорой медицинской помо-щи СМП -скорая медицинская помощь ССО -сердечно-сосудистые осложнения Анализ показателей, характеризующих состояние здоровья населения Казахстана, показывает, что болезни системы кровообращения (БСК) занимают первое место в общей структуре заболеваемости и первое место среди ос-новных причин смертности населения [1]. Именно поэто-му государство уделяет особое внимание диагностике, ле-чению и профилактике заболеваний данной группы.Артериальная гипертония (АГ) -одна из наиболее острых медико-социальных проблем как в мире, так и в Казахстане. Она является основной причиной ранней ин-валидности и преждевременной смерти [2,3]. В Казахста-не АГ имеет стойкую тенденцию к росту. Так, по данным Агентства РК по статистике в 2012 г. АГ зарегистрирована впервые в жизни в 1173,3 случая на 100 тыс. населения [4].
Views on the role of extracellular neutrophilic traps in oncology vary greatly. On the one hand, there is evidence of the anticarcinogenic properties of neutrophil networks associated with the direct destruction of tumor cells and stimulation of the immune system. Cytotoxicity towards tumor cells is manifested by trap components (myeloperoxidase, proteinases and histones), while DNA strands are considered as a kind of tool for capturing tumor cells and limiting their further spread.
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