The metabolic changes following thoracic surgery in three groups of patients (esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and hiatus hernia) have been studied. Before operation patients with esophageal cancer, but not those with lung cancer, had significantly lower plasma total protein and albumin than patients with hiatus hernia. After surgery plasma albumin and total protein fell in both esophageal cancer and hiatus hernia patients, a development attributed to poor nutrition and restricted calorie diet in these two groups of patients respectively. With the exception of alanine and arginine in lung cancer patients, and free tryptophan in lung and esophageal cancer patients, the preoperative concentrations of all plasma amino acids were similar in both groups of cancer patients and in those with hiatus hernia. After operation the concentrations of glutamine, total tryptophan, alanine, glycine, and arginine fell sharply, whereas those of phenylalanine, lysine, valine, and leucine were slightly or not at all affected by surgery. The immediate postoperative fall of plasma free amino acids is thought to be due to the increased rate of gluconeo-genesis. The rise of free fraction of plasma tryptophan after surgery is related to the raised level of plasma free fatty acids and increased secretions of catecholamines, which is believed to follow surgery. Cancer 623355360, 1988. ATIENTS with esophageal cancer are frequently P malnourished as a result of reduced food intake, and their rehabilitation after surgery is often protracted. After esophagectomy fat absorption has been reported to be impaired.' These workers have also reported that after esophagectomy there is a rise in the excretion of the nitrogen in the feces. Although Wu and Bauer observed a relatively large increase in the plasma free amino acid levels to accompany tumor growth,2 recent studies by Norten et al., have shown that cancer patients with no or minimum body weight loss maintained their plasma free amino acid levels within normal range.3 Of the amino acids, the metabolism of tryptophan in malignant disease has attracted much interest in recent years. However, most of the studies on tryptophan metabolism have been carried out in patients with cancer of the bladder or It seemed to be of particular interest to study the metabolism of this amino acid in patients with esophageal cancer because its concentration in the plasma is reduced sharply by a reduced food intake and in particular
Prior research and the #MeToo movement have recognized the complexities of sexual consent and how it contributes to experiences of sexual violence. A heteronormative perspective often dominates discussions on sexual violence at the expense of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual minoritized individuals’ (LGBTQ+) experiences. Utilizing focus groups with LGBTQ+ people to discuss sexual consent, themes relating to sex education, defining sex in queer relationships, trauma and victimization, and overlapping gender and sexual orientation identities emerged. Findings are presented in the context of feminist and queer theoretical perspectives with particular focus on power inequity.
A core policy goal of the Trump administration has been rolling back or weakening regulations designed to protect workers, consumers, the environment, and general public health from known corporate harms. These rollbacks constitute the most far-reaching effort to free corporate capital from regulatory restraint since the onset of corporate regulation at the dawn of the 20th century. We propose that blending state–corporate crime and public health frameworks can help us better understand and analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the current rollback regime. We also propose that the regulatory rollbacks currently underway create conditions for an increase in state-facilitated corporate crimes that will result in excess deaths, avoidable illnesses and injuries, and a degradation of public health. We provide specific examples involving deregulatory acts regarding water, air, labor, and food, concluding with a call for a public health criminology and an openly democratic, evidence based, and discrimination-free system for minimizing the harms of corporate profit-seeking.
BackgroundThree major US tobacco companies were recently ordered to publish corrective statements intended to prevent and restrain further fraud about the health effects of smoking. The court-ordered statements began appearing in newspapers and on television (TV) in late 2017.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the social media dissemination of the tobacco corrective statements during the first 6 months of the implementation of the statements.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive content analysis of Twitter posts using an iterative search strategy through Crimson Hexagon and randomly selected 19.74% (456/2309) of original posts occurring between November 1, 2017, and March 27, 2018, for coding and analysis. We assessed post volume over time, source or author, valence, linked content, and reference to the industry (eg, big tobacco, tobacco industry, and Philip Morris) and media outlet (TV or newspaper). Retweeted content was coded for source/author and prevalence.ResultsMost posts were published in November 2017, surrounding the initial release of the corrective statements. Content was generally neutral (58.7%, 268/456) or positive (33.3%, 152/456) in valence, included links to additional information about the statements (94.9%, 433/456), referred to the industry (87.7%, 400/456), and did not mention a specific media channel on which the statements were aired or published (15%). The majority of original posts were created by individual users (55.2%, 252/456), whereas the majority of retweeted posts were posted by public health organizations (51%). Differences by source are reported, for example, organization posts are more likely to include a link to additional information compared with individual users (P=.03).ConclusionsConversations about the court-ordered corrective statements are taking place on Twitter and are generally neutral or positive in nature. Public health organizations may be increasing the prevalence of these conversations through social media engagement.
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