This research addresses the problem of teacher shortages in urban, highneeds schools. A grounded theory methodology was used to expand insights related to teacher recruitment and retention by collecting and analyzing qualitative (interview and observational) data from nine successful urban teachers. A two-part model of recruitment and retention emerged from this analysis. The model recommends that recruitment practices should be directed at locating individuals who have specific personality traits, the ability to practice cultural awareness and acceptance, and who build effective relationships with students. Organizational retention practices should be focused on increasing teacher empowerment within an organizational learning framework.

To advance a framework of indicators that promotes imple mentation of math standards under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), we tested a conceptual model of the resources and processes within schools that influence the opportunity to learn mathematics (OTL) in the classroom using a recent administration of the 2011 Trends in International Math and Science Study (TIMSS 2011). There is potential benefit to state departments and systemlevel practitioners from more information about how schools might influence student access to college and careerready curriculum. Such information has the potential to shape the kinds of indicators stakeholders put in place to target problems and formulate solutions for math learning. Research Design: To test the fit of our hypothesized model of math content and instruction OTL, we applied structural equation modeling techniques to school and classroom data from 425 fourthgrade U.S. math teachers in TIMSS 2011. Findings: We found a direct influence of instructional leadership on

The overuse of lecture-based approaches for instruction in university courses may have limited student access to knowledge, particularly the transfer of complex concepts, such as central limit theorem in statistics. This study seeks to contribute to empirical research regarding the effectiveness of serious educational games (SEGs) to increase undergraduates’ conceptual understanding and affective interest in statistics. An experimental design was used to test the efficacy of an SEG, Deadly Distribution, which simulates a real-world context to learn and interact with statistics concepts, compared to traditional notes and homework problems, as supplements to instruction in addition to class lectures. Students who played the game had similar increases in academic growth of conceptual knowledge as students who studied traditional course material. Furthermore, this treatment group had a significant increase in affective outcomes compared to the control group. These findings extend the current literature, which is mixed and sparse, on the effectiveness of SEGs in the undergraduate classroom. In an undergraduate introductory statistics course, an SEG might be an effective substitute for traditional study time of course materials outside of class to increase their affect toward the subject matter and produce similar gains for students who might not otherwise study.

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between teachers' perception of their work, their intent to leave their current position, and their realized turnover at the height of the federal accountability policy era in the United States. The study uses a framework of teacher de-professionalization and demoralization operationalized by teacher responses to the Schools and Staffing Surveys and Teacher Follow-up Surveys from the National Center for Education Statistics. We tested the relationship of de-professionalization and demoralization to turnover with two competing structural equation models for teachers who cited accountability policies as a factor in their employment decision, and those who did not. We find that teacher worry and stress associated with demoralization is a significant predictor of intent to leave in both groups of teachers. However, teacher worry and stress is only a significant predictor of teachers Teacher Perception of Accountability and Assessment Policies on Teacher Turnover During NCLB 3 preditor significativo de que os professores deixem a profissão e mudem as escolas para professores que citam políticas de prestação de contas como um fator em sua decisão de emprego. Essas descobertas demonstram uma relação entre as percepções dos professores sobre as políticas de prestação de contas, a percepção de suas condições de trabalho e a rotatividade. Esses resultados têm importantes implicações para os formuladores de políticas e líderes educacionais, à medida que as transições dos EUA da era No Child Left Behind para a implementação do Every Student Succeeds Act.

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