High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet-visible (UV) diode-array detection was used to analyze the condensed-phase products from the fuel-rich combustion, at 1000 °C, of bituminous coal primary tar. Experiments were performed using a quartz two-stage reactor consisting of a fluidized-bed reactor coupled to a tubular-flow reactor. Eight cyclopentafused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAH) were identified, four of which have never before been observed as products of a bituminous coal and have also never been observed from the fuel-rich combustion of any coal: cyclopent[hi]acephenanthrylene, cyclopenta[cd]fluoranthene, dicyclopenta[cd,jk]pyrene, cylopenta[bc]coronene. In addition to these CP-PAH, two ethynylsubstituted PAH, 2-ethynylnaphthalene and 1-ethynylacenaphthylene, were identified for the first time as bituminous coal products. Yields of individual CP-PAH spanned a range of 4 orders of magnitude. Out of the eight CP-PAH identified, acenaphthylene was found to be the most abundant under all conditions investigated. CP-PAH of higher ring number were present in successively lower amounts, consistent with CP-PAH formation via hydrocarbon growth reactions. CP-PAH yields decreased with increasing oxygen concentration, indicating that rates of CP-PAH oxidation exceeded those of CP-PAH formation under the conditions investigated. Possible mechanisms of CP-PAH formation are discussed, but the complexity of the starting fuel precludes definitive delineation of the reaction pathways leading to CP-PAH and ethynyl-substituted PAH during the fuel-rich combustion of tar.
Decreased frequency of outdoor play correlated with increased parental concerns about safety, however, many parents still report allowing outdoor play at least sometimes.
Using high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array ultraviolet−visible detection, we
have identified benz[f]indene (C13H10) among the pyrolysis products of coal and the model
compound anthracene, a three-ring compound representative of the aromatic moieties in coal.
The coal pyrolysis experiments are conducted at 700−1000 °C in a fluidized bed reactor; the
anthracene experiments, at 900−1000 °C in a laminar flow reactor. This is the first time that
benz[f]indene has been identified as a product of either fuel, coal or anthracene. Oxidative ring
rupture is proposed as the mechanism responsible for the formation of benz[f]indene and other
indene benzologues in these products.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.