This conceptual paper examines the impact of body image on Adolescents' quest for cosmetic surgery. A reflective analysis of the literature was utilized. Factors shaping one's perception of own body was explained .The causes and effects were also highlighted. The study has shown, that there has been a definite increase in the number of teenagers undergoing various cosmetic procedures and that a correlation can be drawn between this quest and poor body image, which could have alarming physical, social and emotional consequences. As for the causes the study has concluded that the quest to achieve a better appearance is mainly due to the socially portrayed "ideal beauty standards". There is a consensus among researchers and medical practitioners that, the main pushing factor towards going under the knife is social especially enhancement procedures. It was also found that; the media and the rigorous capitalist's campaign to boost consumerism is behind the rampant body idealization culture. In addition, the study has also shown that the availability of advanced cosmetic procedures in some countries has led to the increase of adolescents' seeking body modifications.
The present study investigated the relationship between urban poor students’ perceptions of government assistance and poverty and their level of academic optimism. A survey was administered to 500 urban poor students in two major Malaysian cities, Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. The students were identified and randomly selected for the study with the help of their respective schools. AMOS version 24 was used to test the hypothesised model using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings revealed a significant direct association between students’ perceptions of poverty and academic optimism. However, no significant indirect influence was found between students’ perceptions of poverty and their academic optimism through government assistance. These findings suggest that government assistance programmes are not necessarily a contributor to students’ academic optimism. The lack of any significant influence between students’ perceptions of poverty and academic optimism, through government assistance, may indicate a need to re-evaluate the existing assistance programmes rendered by the government to students in the urban poor category.
This Conceptual paper aims at analyzing the role of the English literary texts in transmitting values to students. It also aims to explain the hegemony of English as a global language and the role usually this language plays in spreading Western values in a globalized-Westernized world. A Literature review was conducted via a reflective analysis in which ideas grouping were made and recommendations were deducted. The findings have revealed that the usage of English is expanding in the four corners of the world at the expense of other local languages. Another important finding is that the English language is used as a vessel to spread Western cultural dominance under the pretext of globalization, as it is impossible to strip any language of its cultural context. Another undeniable fact observed in many countries in which English is taught as a second langue-especially ex British colonies-confirms that the usage of English in schools either as a second language or a medium of instruction is a new form of colonization, not less damaging than the conventional political and military invasions. It is believed that the findings of this study will contribute to knowledge in general. It can also be a starting point for academic practitioners, teachers, parents and students to understand the cultural and social dilemmas usually students face while learning English. And to realize how important to design English textbooks which take students' cultural and social background into consideration to evade any elements of confusion and alienation.
The study aimed to explore the obstacles to applying the principle of disclosure and transparency in higher education institutions in private universities in the Sultanate of Oman. The qualitative method was used through in-depth interview as a tool to reveal the opinions of the study sample about the obstacles to applying the principle of disclosure and transparency in private universities, Oman. The sample consisted of (12) individuals from the administrative leaders in the universities under study. The study results reported a number of obstacles to the application of disclosure and transparency in Omani private universities, where (83%) of the sample agreed that there was weak disclosure transparency in the university's budget and the spending items. In addition, (50%) of the sample agreed that there was weakness of credibility and transparency when applying policies, internal work controls, subjective evaluation of the employee’s performance by his direct manager, and weak awareness of the importance of disclosure and transparency among managers. Therefore, the study recommended activating disclosure and transparency mechanisms in private universities in Oman by adding the principle of disclosure and transparency as an independent measure within the standard of governance and management to obtain institutional accreditation, and by providing electronic systems with integrated services and functions.
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