Aging has become a worldwide issue in the 21st century. China became an aging society in 1999, and home-based care is now the main mode of care for the elderly. Present research on the aging-suitability of spaces mainly focuses on the interior and exterior environmental conditions of the home, ignoring public open spaces at the regional and urban levels, with a specific lack of research on waterfront open spaces, which is an important type of public open space in Jiangnan Watertown. The study used the example of the waterfront space of the Hangzhou Gongchen Bridge section of the Grand Canal, the longest artificial canal in the world, to analyze the aging-suitability of waterfront open spaces. Firstly, in this section, the activity characteristics of the elderly were surveyed through observation and semi-structured interviews, then the subjective satisfaction of the elderly with the waterfront spaces was investigated. Through correlation and principal component analysis, five common factors affecting the satisfaction of the elderly were obtained: environment, function, transportation, social culture, and vision. Finally, some design suggestions suitable for the elderly were proposed for three aspects: environment, function, and transportation, which are the most important factors affecting the overall subjective satisfaction of the elderly with the waterfront open space. This study provided a reference for the design and planning of aging-friendly waterfront open spaces, which would improve the aging-suitability of urban open spaces, increasing social participation, and enhancing the quality of life of the elderly. It is of profound significance to build a senior-friendly city and deal with the increasingly severe aging problem.
The outdoor physical environments of many old communities are unable to meet modern living requirements and require improvement urgently. This is especially true for communities in regions with extremely hot summers and cold winters, which may cause additional difficulties. This study used measurements and questionnaire data to investigate outdoor environment (the thermal, sound, light environments and air quality) and resident sensations in four such communities. Results revealed some key factors affecting outdoor environmental comfort, including summer shading, winter sunlight, air temperature, air quality, the sound environment and odour. The results also revealed that the main problems were noise, insufficient illumination and high air temperatures in summer, all of which had seriously affected comfort during outdoor activities. Specifically, noise values during the most unfavourable periods were between 57.4 and 80.6 dB(A), while average air temperatures were between 32.3°C and 35.8°C, and average illuminances were below 2.9 lx. As such, this paper proposes improvement measures such as sound barriers and greening. Further, we propose a method for prioritizing these factors for such improvements based on a combination of subjective and objective factors. This study provides data and technical references for the reconstruction of old communities in regions with hot summers and cold winters.
Abstract. Online banking has become a new and popular business in recent years. What factors influence the success of online banking and how can online banking get a larger development have drawn much research interest of people. This paper mainly focuses on the research of online banking standing at the users' view. It will explore the factors that influence the satisfaction of customer. Through this paper, we would not only get the new awareness about the factors affecting the users' satisfaction about online banking, but also gain the profound reflection of the future way regarding the online banking.
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