In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variation curves of atmospheric electric field (Ez ${E}_{z}$) are obtained, based on the extensive observations at Mohe station (Geographical coordinates: 22.357°E, 53.482°N and geomagnetic coordinates: 195.5°E, 48.8°N) of the Chinese Meridian Project. The results show that the diurnal variation of Ez ${E}_{z}$ conforms to the “Carnegie” pattern, and the value of Ez ${E}_{z}$ in winter is higher than the summer. The coupling effect of the solar wind–magnetosphere with the atmospheric electric field is established. In total, 15 cases of magnetic storms are selected while Mohe is under fair weather condition throughout the storm period. The analyzed results reveal that Ez ${E}_{z}$ exhibits the same characteristics during the 15 storms, that is, Ez ${E}_{z}$ decreases sharply and changes simultaneously with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component and solar wind proton number density. When the IMF–Bz ${B}_{z}$ shifts to south, Ez ${E}_{z}$ presents a large decrease with magnitudes of about 100 V/m–600 V/m.
Abstract. The most fantastic phenomenon of the mesospheric sodium layer is the so-called sporadic sodium layer (SSL or NaS), which are proposed to be closely related to wave fluctuations. Solitary wave is a particular solution of partial differential equation whose energy travels as a localized wave packet, and a soliton is a special solitary wave which has a particle-like behavior with strong stable form. In this research, the solitary wave theory is applied for the first time to study the fine structure of NaS. We perform soliton fitting processes on the observed data from the Andes Lidar Observatory, and find out that 24/27 NaS events exhibit similar features/characteristics to a soliton. Time series of the net anomaly of the NaS reveal the same variation process to the solution of a generalized five-order KdV equation. Our results therefore suggest the NaS phenomenon would be an appropriate tracer for nonlinear wave studies in the atmosphere.
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