As a newly discovered long non-coding RNA, small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SHNG3) has been reported to be dysregulated in certain cancers. Nevertheless, the details about clinical values and biological effects of SNHG3 on glioma are still covered. In this paper, we determined the expression level of SNHG3 in glioma tissues and cells and evaluated the effect of SNHG3 expression on the prognosis of glioma patients. The functional assays were applied to define the effects of SNHG3 on the biological behaviors in glioma including cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. It was revealed that SNHG3 was much more enriched in glioma tissues and cell lines than in normal ones. Furthermore, gain- or loss-of-function experiments indicated that the up-regulation of SNHG3 promoted cell proliferation, accelerate cell cycle progress, and repressed cell apoptosis. The mechanistic assays disclosed that SNHG3 facilitated the malignant progression of glioma through epigenetically repressing KLF2 and p21 via recruiting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 to the promoter of KLF2 and p21. Generally, it was exposed that SNHG3 might function as an oncogene in glioma and could be explored as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition that is highly correlated with obesity; however, it is not uncommon among nonobese individuals. Triglyceride (TG) and glucose index combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been proposed as a favorable marker of insulin resistance. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of TyG-BMI in identifying NAFLD in nonobese subjects.We conducted a cross-sectional study in a nonobese (BMI <25.0 kg/m2) Chinese population (N = 6809) of adults who underwent health examinations, including abdominal ultrasonography.The prevalence of ultrasonography-detected NAFLD was 23.9% in nonobese subjects. After adjusting for potential confounders, every 1-standard deviation increase in TyG-BMI had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.0–3.9] for NAFLD. Compared with the lowest quartile of TyG-BMI, multivariable-adjusted ORs were 2.4 (1.6–3.6), 6.4 (4.2–9.7), and 15.3 (9.8–23.9) for those in the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, TyG-BMI was effective in diagnosing patients with NAFLD with an area under the curve of 0.835 (95% CI, 0.824–0.845). In comparison, TyG-BMI was superior to its components, including TyG, BMI, TG, and fasting plasma glucose, for identifying nonobese subjects at risk for NAFLD.In this study, the prevalence of NAFLD was over one-fifth in the nonobese population. TyG-BMI was an effective marker to detect NAFLD in nonobese subjects.
BackgroundIncretin-based agents, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1As), work via GLP-1 receptor for hyperglycemic control directly or indirectly, but have different effect on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The present study is to evaluate and compare effects of incretin-based agents on CV and pancreatic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high CV risk.MethodsSix prospective randomized controlled trials (EXMAINE, SAVOR-TIMI53, TECOS, ELIXA, LEADER and SUSTAIN-6), which included three trials for DPP-4Is and three trials for GLP-1As, with 55,248 participants were selected to assess the effect of different categories of incretin-based agents on death, CV outcomes (CV mortality, major adverse CV events, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, heart failure hospitalization), pancreatic events (acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer) as well as on hypoglycemia.ResultsWhen we evaluated the combined effect of six trials, the results suggested that incretin-based treatment had no significant effect on overall risks of CV and pancreatic outcomes compared with placebo. However, GLP-1As reduced all-cause death (RR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) and CV mortality (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97), whereas DPP-4Is had no significant effect on CV outcomes but elevated the risk for acute pancreatitis (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.72) and hypoglycemia (both any and severe hypoglycemia), while GLP-1As lowered the risk of severe hypoglycemia.ConclusionsGLP-1As decreased risks of all-cause and CV mortality and severe hypoglycemia, whereas DPP-4Is had no effect on CV outcomes but increased risks in acute pancreatitis and hypoglycemia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0512-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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