Eggshell membrane is a kind of cheap, abundant resources with great potential utilization value. A variety of active ingredients in it can be used as raw materials for medicine, light industry and other industries. At present, soluble protein, collagen, keratin, sialic acid, hyaluronic acid and antimicrobial protein have been successfully extracted from eggshell membrane and exploited in various fields. This study aimed to separate the eggshell membrane for fully exploiting the potential utilization value of the eggshell, and reduce the amount of waste discharged, which is conducive to protecting the ecological environment on which we depend. In order to reduce energy consumption of eggshell membrane separation, separate eggshell membranes from eggshells by flash evaporation was investigated. The flash separation conditions were optimized considering three independent variables at three different levels by response surface methodology. The results showed that the processing parameters of separating eggshell membranes and eggshells with flash evaporation were 1.0 Mpa pressure, 45% moisture content, and 5 mm eggshells' particle size. Under these conditions, the separation rate was 69.16%. Therefore, flash separation can be a promising approach for separating eggshells and eggshell membranes.
Eggshells and eggshell membranes have high‐value recycling applications and have been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, and food research. The separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes is a prerequisite to efficiently using both. Therefore, the pressure‐vacuum experiment equipment was designed. In this study, research on the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes from waste eggshells using the pressure‐vacuum experiment equipment was carried out. The flash evaporation experiment process controlled the experimental factors to obtain a sufficient moisture content between the eggshell and eggshell membrane with vigorous flash evaporation. The effects of experimental factors such as superheat (5–10°C), temperature (50–70°C), initial pressure (0.6–0.8 MPa), pressurization time (0–40 min), and particle size (6–8 mm) on the separation rate were investigated in the pressure‐vacuum experiment process. Through single‐factor and orthogonal experiments, it was found that the separation rate was most affected by changes in temperature, initial pressure, and particle size, followed by the interaction of temperature and particle size. The experimental results suggested that the optimum separation of eggshell membranes from eggshells was achieved at higher superheat, higher temperature, higher initial pressure, medium pressurization time, and smaller particle size. Through optimization by response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes using the flash evaporation method were determined as 15°C of superheat, 70°C of temperature, 0.8 MPa of initial pressure, and 6 mm of particle size. Flash evaporation method is an effective and environmentally friendly method, which provides a new solution for the recycling of waste eggshells. Practical Application In this study, pressure‐vacuum experiment equipment was utilized to reuse of waste eggshells, and an innovative and environmentally friendly method of eggshell membrane and eggshell separation was established. The pressure‐vacuum experiment equipment has a simple structure and low energy consumption. The results of flash evaporation experiments are instructive for further in‐depth studies on the separation of eggshells and eggshell membranes. Furthermore, the separation of eggshells and egg membranes by flash evaporation is of great research value. Most importantly, the separated eggshells and eggshell membrane are available for high‐value applications in food, chemical, and biological fields.
In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) in an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS). In this system, the AGV acts as a transfer station and performs the task of depositing and taking out goods. It is assumed that the number and location of shelves are known, as well as the number and type of goods on each shelf. The AGV performs transport tasks with decisions that include finding the optimal transport sequence between different shelves and the optimal sequence of goods within each shelf. Therefore, these decisions jointly minimize the total transport distance. Using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), the AGV can not only complete the task with the shortest working route but also return to the sorting station with the shortest path after completing the task. Using MATLAB software to simulate the two cases, the results of obtaining the optimal solution verified the correctness of the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm has high performance for optimizing AS/RSs.
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