Background: This study explored the effects of multi-component exercise training on the physical and cognitive function of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 90 older adults with MCI were chosen from screened volunteers and randomly assigned into 2 groups (n=45), and 84 completed the 6-month follow-up. Participants in the control group received general community health instruction, while the multi-component exercise training performed on the other group. The multi-component exercise training performed on these participants was designed to suit Chinese elderly based on advice from the nursing specialist and sports medicine specialist after the preliminary experiment. The Chinese version Mini-Physical Performance Test (CM-PPT), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were examined by repeated measures analysis of variance to evaluate the physical and cognitive function of adults with MCI before and at 3 and 6 months after the intervention. The follow-up data collectors were blinded to group allocation. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: (I) The average score of CM-PPT was increased from 11.36±2.69 to 11.88±2.40 and 12.83±2.19 in 3 and 6 months respectively after intervention, while control group was decreased from 10.79±2.73 to 10.24±2.62 in 3 months and 9.21±2.09 in 6 months. CM-PPT scores with the main intervention effect and the interaction between intervention and time were both statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating that the physical function of participants with MCI were improved after intervention. (II) The average score of MoCA was increased from 21.52±2.05 to 23.48±1.47 (3 months) and 25.19±1.29 (6 months) after intervention, while control group was decreased from 21.14.79±1.97 to 20.21±1.88 and 19.45±2.00 in 3 and 6 months. The score of MMSE showed the same trend with the score of MoCA. The MoCA score with main intervention effect and the MMSE and MoCA scores with the effect of time, the MMSE and MoCA scores with the interaction between the intervention and time were all statistically significant (P<0.05), showing that the cognitive function of participants with MCI was improved by the intervention. Conclusions: Multi-component exercise training could significantly improve physical function and cognitive function of the elderly with MCI.

OBJECTIVES: To examine how overweight and obesity at specific ages and overall BMI growth patterns throughout childhood predict cardiometabolic phenotypes at 11 to 12 years. METHODS:In a population-based sample of 5107 infants, BMI was measured every 2 years between ages 2 to 3 and 10 to 11 years. We identified 5 BMI trajectories using growth curve models. At ages 11 to 12 years, 1811 children completed assessments for metabolic syndrome risk scores, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations, adjusted for potential confounders (eg, age, sex, smoking exposure, and small for gestational age).RESULTS: Overweight and obesity from early childhood onward were strongly associated with higher cardiometabolic risk at 11 to 12 years of age. At age 6 to 7 years, compared with those with a healthy weight, children with overweight had higher metabolic syndrome risk scores by 0.23 SD units (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.41) and with obesity by 0.76 SD units (0.51-1.01), with associations almost doubling by age 10 to 11 years. Obese (but not overweight) children had higher outcome pulse wave velocity (0.64-0.73 SD units) from ages 6 to 7 years and slightly higher outcome carotid intima-media thickness (0.20-0.30 SD units) at all ages. Cumulative exposure to high BMI from 2 to 3 years of age carried the greatest cardiometabolic risk, with a gradient of risk across trajectories.CONCLUSIONS: High early-childhood BMI is already silently associated with the development of cardiometabolic risk by 11 to 12 years, highlighting the urgent need for effective action to reduce overweight and obesity in early childhood.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Researchers evaluating the effects of early-life BMI on cardiometabolic health tend to focus on a single measurement of childhood BMI and adult outcomes. Knowing when and how early-life BMI impacts cardiometabolic phenotypes in childhood could guide prevention efforts.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: By examining overweight and obesity at 5 time points and overall BMI growth patterns throughout childhood, we show that early-life overweight and obesity and high BMI growth patterns are already silently associated with the development of cardiometabolic risk at 11 to 12 years.

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