Purpose
Explore the effect of Baihe Dihuang powder on chronic stress depression rat models.
Methods
Chronic stress depression rat models were established with different stimuli for 21 days. At the same time, the drug was administered for 21 consecutive days. The animals were weighed once a week after the start of the formal experiment. On the second day after the end of drug administration, conduct sugar water consumption test and open-filed box experiment, and conduct behavioral observation; At the end of behavioral testing, blood was taken from the eyeball and plasma was separated to measure MDA level and erythrocyte SOD activity; Take brain for homogenate, then measure the contents of 5-HT, NE and DA in brain tissue homogenate; Take the thymus and spleen, stained with 10% formalin fixation, embedding and HE staining, then use microscope to observe the histopathological changes.
Results
Chronic stress depression rats model replicated successfully. Each group of given drugs could increase the weight, the consumption of sugar water, and improve the behavioral score, increase erythrocytes SOD activity and decrease MDA level of plasma, increase the content of 5-HT, NE and DA of brain homogenate, and improve the pathological changes of thymus and spleen of chronic stress depression model animals.
Conclusion
Chronic stress depression rat model replicates successfully. Baihe Dihuang powder can interfere chronic stress depression rats model through different action pathways.
In this experiment, the quorum quenching gene ytnP of Bacillus licheniformis T-1 was cloned and expressed, and the effect against infection of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 was evaluated in vitro and vivo. The BLAST results revealed a 99% sequence identity between the ytnP gene of T-1 and its homolog in B.subtilis sub sp. BSP1, and the dendroGram showed that the similarity in the YtnP protein in T-1 was 100% in comparison with B.subtilis 3610, which was categorized as the Aidc cluster of the MBL family. The AHL lactonase activity of the purified YtnP was detected as 1.097 ± 0.7 U/mL with C6-HSL as the substrate. Otherwise, purified YtnP protein could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of A.hydrophila ATCC 7966 with an inhibition rate of 68%. The MIC of thiamphenicol and doxycycline hydrochloride against A. hydrophila reduced from 4 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL and 0.125 μg/mL, respectively, in the presence of YtnP. In addition, YtnP significantly inhibited the expression of five virulence factors hem, ahyB, ast, ep, aerA of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 as well (p < 0.05). The results of inhibition on virulence showed a time-dependence tendency, while the strongest anti-virulence effects were within 4–24 h. In vivo, when the YtnP protein was co-injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila ATCC 7966, it attenuated the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila and the accumulated mortality was 27 ± 4.14% at 96 h, which was significantly lower than the average mortality of 78 ± 2.57% of the Carassius auratus injected with 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 only (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the AHL lactonase in B. licheniformis T-1 was proven to be YtnP protein and could be developed into an agent against infection of A. hydrophila in aquaculture.
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