Gymnocypris namensis, the only commercial fish in Namtso Lake of Tibet in China, is rated as nearly threatened species in the Red List of China's Vertebrates. As one of the highest-altitude schizothorax fish in China, G. namensis has strong adaptability to the plateau harsh environment. Although being an indigenous economic fish with high value in research, the biological characterization, genetic diversity, and plateau adaptability of G. namensis are still unclear. Here, we used Pacific Biosciences single molecular real time long read sequencing technology to generate full-length transcripts of G. namensis. Sequences clustering analysis and error correction with Illumina-produced short reads to obtain 319,044 polished isoforms. After removing redundant reads, 125,396 non-redundant isoforms were obtained. Among all transcripts, 103,286 were annotated to public databases. Natural selection has acted on 42 genes for G. namensis, which were enriched on the functions of mismatch repair and Glutathione metabolism. Total 89,736 open reading frames, 95,947 microsatellites, and 21,360 long non-coding RNAs were identified across all transcripts. This is the first study of transcriptome in G. namensis by using PacBio Iso-seq. The acquisition of full-length transcript isoforms might accelerate the transcriptome research of G. namensis and provide basis for further research. The Tibetan Plateau, a harsh environment with an average altitude of 4,500 m, is home to the highest and largest high-altitude lakes in the world 1,2. The area of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are more than 50,900 km 2 , and 1,091 lakes are larger than 1.0 km 2,3. With an area of 1,920 km 2 and an altitude of 4,718 m, Namtso Lake in the North Tibet is the highest great lake in the world and is the second biggest salt water lake in China 4,5. As a highly natural, rare, fragile and representative lake, Namtso Lake imposes many inhospitable living conditions on most of organisms, such as the high pH and alkalinity, severe cold (with an annual average temperature of 0°C, five-month ice-covered period), the low primary productivity and oligotrophic conditions 3-7. Because of the lower temperatures and oligotrophic conditions of Namtso Lake, only two endemic fish species (Gymnocypris namensis and Triplophysa stewarti) have been found in the lake 6. G. namensis, the only economic fish in Namtso Lake, is known as one of the highest-altitude schizothorax fish in China and it has strong ability to adapt to the plateau harsh environment 6,8. However, systematic biological studies on G. namensis are chronically lacked due to extremely harsh environments on the plateau 8,9. In previous transcriptome studies in other fish of geneus Gymnocypris, such as Gymnocypris selincuoensis 10 , Gymnocypris przewalskii 11 , Gymnocypris eckloni 12 , some progress has been made. In transcriptome studies of G. selincuoensis, a full-length reference transcriptome has been generated by using PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq technologies. But the most of other transcriptome studies us...

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De novoassembly ofSchizothorax waltonitranscriptome.

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The Chinese Longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris (L. longirostris) is one of the most economically important freshwater catfish in China. It is a valuable model for studies on sexual dimorphism, comparative and conservation biology since its wild resources have declined sharply. However, there is lack of high-quality chromosome-level genome information for comparative genomic analysis and genome evolutionary studies. Therefore, we constructed the first high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for L. longirostris using a combined strategy of BGI-SEQ500, Nanopore, and Hi-C technologies. The assembled genome