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In this study, a next-generation sequencing strategy on 16 S ribosomal RNA (16 S rRNA) gene was employed to analyze 70 oral samples from 32 patients with throat cancer, nine patients with vocal cord polyp, and 29 healthy individuals (normal controls). Using this strategy, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the salivary microbiota of cancer patients were significantly different from those of patients with a polyp and healthy individuals. We observed that the beta diversity of the cancer group was divergent from both the normal and polyp groups, while alpha-diversity indices such as the Chao1 estimator ( P = 8.1e-05), Simpson ( P = 0.0045), and Shannon ( P = 0.0071) were significantly reduced in cancer patients compared with patients containing a polyp and normal healthy individuals. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and Kruskal–Wallis test analyses and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verification test revealed that the genera Aggregatibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides , and Ruminiclostridium were significantly enriched in the throat cancer group compared with the vocal cord polyp and normal control groups (score value >2). Finally, diagnostic models based on putatively important constituent bacteria were constructed with 87.5% accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.875, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.695–1]. In summary, in this study we characterized, for the first time, the oral microbiota of throat cancer patients without smoking history. We speculate that these results will help in the pathogenic mechanism and early diagnosis of throat cancer.

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Abstract:The South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) is the largest water transfer project in the world, and its purpose is to relax water constraints in a region facing severe water scarcity. Bacterial communities from these reservoirs are important to human health, and analyzing their diversity and structure is crucial to water safety. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial communities and their relationship with environmental parameters in the terminal reservoir (Miyun Reservoir) of the Middle Route of the SNWDP by high-throughput sequencing technology. Our results showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacterioidetes were the most abundant phyla in the water column, and the community composition fluctuated seasonally. Moreover, the detected diversity of the bacterial community composition provided novel insights into the ongoing biogeochemical processes. The temperature was positively correlated with the dominant bacteria, with other factors, including the total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen, shaping the structure and distribution of the microbial community. Furthermore, the metagenome showed broad phylogenetic diversity, indicating that organisms were involved in multiple essential environmental processes. This work is important for building a database to understand how microbial communities change after water transfers.

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