The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most destructive pest in many citrus orchards of south central China. Methyl eugenol and cuelure, 2 potent male lures that are effective for capturing related species, are believed not to attract this species. Limited knowledge is available about the effectiveness of attractant traps for this pest. A field trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of 8 attractant traps to B. minax. The study was conducted during the adult occurrence season in an orchard of navel orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), in Zhijiang County, Hunan Province, China, in 2016. To link the efficacy of these attractant traps with the pest population, fruit infestations in the orchard also were investigated. As expected, this study confirmed that methyl eugenol and cuelure were not attractive to B. minax. Green-colored sticky spheres trapped significantly more flies and males than methyl eugenol and cuelure-baited traps. On average, ammonium acetate + putrescine trapped more females than males, but it was not statistically better than any of the other tested attractant traps. Fruit infestation rates by B. minax ranged from 0.7 to 11.1% in the replicates. Judging by the results of trapping and actual field infestation, it appears that trap effectiveness of the 8 attractant traps was low. A more potent attractant trap is needed, especially for early detection of the pest.
<p>With the progress of the times and the development of network technology, great changes have taken place in the mode of education and teaching, and the traditional mode of education and teaching has been unable to meet the current teaching situation and requirements. Under this background, many scholars have developed a variety of teaching models adapted to the background of the times, which has achieved good results. In order to realize the reform and innovation of teaching mode, this paper designs a film and television teaching system based on virtual reality technology. In the era of Internet of Things and big data, Internet of Things technology is used as support to realize the transmission and sharing of teaching information in film and television teaching system. In the research, data mining technology is used to collect relevant data of teaching resources and teaching information, and relevant algorithms in data mining are used to realize data processing. Experiment of film and television teaching system in different stages of education system and the application of film and television teaching theory courses, experiment courses for students and education development index are analyzed. According to the end of the experiment, the influence of results show that the film and television teaching system in the use of elementary school, junior high school, high school and university level are 25.32%, 31.44%, 18.46% and 47.76% respectively. The film and television teaching system plays a significant role in students’ experimental course scores. The use of the film and television teaching system has raised the development index of education and teaching in each stage of education from 1.12, 1.33, 1.47 and 1.36 to 2.14, 2.21, 2.36 and 2.44 respectively, indicating that the film and television teaching system has a certain promoting effect on the development of education and teaching.</p>
In this chapter, we present the analysis of urban heat island (UHI) effects on coastal urban areas using satellite images as a case study in Hangzhou, China. With the sustainable development of coastal areas, land use and land cover have been dramatically changed. Such changes make the phenomenon of urban heat island (UHI) becoming serious, which has brought some negative influences on human activities or public health issues in coastal regions. This study takes Hangzhou as an example of coastal cities and uses the Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI images to retrieve the urban land surface temperature (LST). We also mapped and compared the intensity of UHI effects in different years of 2003, 2008 and 2013. The result shows that the intensity of UHI effect in 2013 was more serious than previous years, which is increasing year by year. The study also analyzed the relationship between UHI, NDVI, and NDBI and provided some useful suggestions to mitigate the UHI effects on coastal cities such as Hangzhou in China.
Polyolefins with high molecular weight and broad molecular weight distribution have attracted great attention due to their ease of processing and wide applications. In this paper, methylene-bridged asymmetric disalicylaldimine ligands...
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