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Mobile IP (MIP) defines a mobility management for mobile users to continuously access data when the currently attachment is changed to another network. However, when mobile node (MN) roams between network segments, the handoff latency results in packet losses and transmission delay. In this paper, we propose a multihomed fast handoff scheme (MFH-MIP) to decrease the handoff cost. In the proposed MFH-MIP scheme, each MN is implemeted with the link layer trigger and multihomed techniques. Based on the link layer trigger, MN can collect signal strengths of nearby access points (APs) and switch to a new link automatically when the old link becomes unsuitable to connect. Using the multihomed technique, MN can prepare for handoff using two (or more) interfaces, in which (i) one is connected with the old link to receive packets and (ii) the other one is used to access nearby APs and select the most suitable one as the new link, in parellel. In this way, MN can continuously transmit and receive packets during handoff. Based on the proposed method, MN can roam smoothly among different networks in the wireless environment.which are sent to MN may be lost or delayed during handoff.In the past year, a number of mobility management methods have been proposed to improve the handoff latency, which consists of layer 2 (L2) and layer 3 (L3) handoff. The L2 handoff delay can be improved by reducing scanning channels. The L3 handoff latency consists of the time period of CoA acquisition and registration. Although there are several methods that have been proposed to reduce the handoff latency, providing a smooth handoff is still a challenging problem due to the following He has published more than 180 referred journal and conference papers in wireless and mobile communication protocols, interactive multimedia systems, audio and video streaming and formal modeling of communication protocols. His research interests include wireless and mobile network protocol design and analysis, media processing and streaming, network applications and services, and web technologies.

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In the era of wireless communication, mobility management is one of the most significant issues to be resolved. Current IP-level mobility protocols such as Mobile IPv6 or Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) have difficulties meeting the stringent handover delay requirements. Besides, when there are many candidate networks, i.e., multiple destination networks, can be selected, a proper selection of Mobile Node's destination network can improve the handover delay and packets loss. In order to reduce the limitation within heterogeneous networks, the IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Services (MIH) was developed. MIH enables the optimization of handover between heterogeneous networks. In this paper, A Load-Considered Fast Media Independent Handover control scheme for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (LC-FMIH-PMIPv6) is proposed to integrate the robustness of MIH services and a proper selection of MN's destination network to improve the handover performance over the PMIPv6 environment. Keywords-Proxy Mobile IPv6, Fast Handover, Media Independent Handover, and Handover.I.