Background
Facetectomy, an important procedure in the in–out and out–in techniques of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD), is related to the deterioration of the postoperative biomechanical environment and poor prognosis. Facetectomy may be avoided in TELD with large annuloplasty, but iatrogenic injury of the annulus and a high grade of nucleotomy have been reported as risk factors influencing poor prognosis. These risk factors may be alleviated in TELD with limited foraminoplasty, and the grade of facetectomy in this surgery can be reduced by using an endoscopic dynamic drill.
Methods
An intact lumbo-sacral finite element (FE) model and the corresponding model with adjacent segment degeneration were constructed and validated to evaluate the risk of biomechanical deterioration and related postoperative complications of TELD with large annuloplasty and TELD with limited foraminoplasty. Changes in various biomechanical indicators were then computed to evaluate the risk of postoperative complications in the surgical segment.
Results
Compared with the intact FE models, the model of TELD with limited foraminoplasty demonstrated slight biomechanical deterioration, whereas the model of TELD with large annuloplasty revealed obvious biomechanical deterioration. Degenerative changes in adjacent segments magnified, rather than altered, the overall trends of biomechanical change.
Conclusions
TELD with limited foraminoplasty presents potential biomechanical advantages over TELD with large annuloplasty. Iatrogenic injury of the annulus and a high grade of nucleotomy are risk factors for postoperative biomechanical deterioration and complications of the surgical segment.
Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with outstanding photochromic property, waterproof, and breathability have attracted considerable interest owing to their multifunctional applications in intelligent clothing, self-cleaning, and protection. However, great challenges still remain in creating such functional materials. A novel waterproof-breathable membrane with robust photochromic property is fabricated by introducing photochromic microcapsule (PM) into electrospun thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) membranes. Compared with the pristine TPU NFMs, the composite TPU/PM membranes are endowed with reversible photochromic properties. In addition, the composite membranes not only exhibited a water contact angle of 1378 and a milk contact angle of 1308, but also had integrated properties of modest water vapor transmittance rate of 19,278 g m 22 day 21 , high air permeability of 962 mm s 21 , low waterproofness of 2.813 kPa, and comparable tensile strength of 12.08 MPa. Furthermore, the convenience and efficiency of this fabrication process will allow for large-scale production of the multifunctional NFMs. V C 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46342.
It has become increasingly clear that the development of cancer, a multifactorial disease, cannot be explained by a single molecule or gene mutation. As a new discipline, metabolomics focuses on the body's metabolite changes, and attempts to find differences to explain the development of cancer; it has proven to be effective and credible. Metabolic studies of bladder cancer (BCa) lag behind those of other tumors. This review systematically outlines the specific process of metabolomics and the use of metabolomics in BCa studies in recent years. We have reviewed the in vitro cell line, bladder tumor tissue and biofluid (urine, plasma and serum) studies used in metabolomics analyses of BCa. The advantages and drawbacks of the use of different samples were compared. Based on the available studies, we have further described the aberrant metabolic pathways of BCa and have suggested some metabolites that may be potential biomarkers for BCa detection.
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