Ferroptosis is a newly described type of programmed cell death and intensively related to both maintaining homeostasis and the development of diseases, especially cancers. Inducing ferroptosis leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic lipid peroxidation in cells, which plays a pivotal role in suppressing cancer growth and progression. Here, we reviewed the existing studies about the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in different antitumor treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. We focused in particular on the distinct combinatorial therapeutic effects such as the synergistic sensitization effect and the drug-resistance reversal achieved when using ferroptosis inducers with conventional cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis. The application of nanotechnolgy and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven cancer therapies.
Necroptosis is an
inflammatory form of programmed cell death that
has been implicated in various human diseases. Compound 2 is a more potent analogue of the published compound 1 and inhibits necroptosis in human and murine cells at nanomolar
concentrations. Several target engagement strategies were employed,
including cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA) and diazirine-mediated
photoaffinity labeling via a bifunctional photoaffinity probe derived
from compound 2. These target engagement studies demonstrate
that compound 2 binds to all three necroptotic effector
proteins (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), receptor-interacting
serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and receptor-interacting
serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)) at different levels in vitro and in cells. Compound 2 also shows
efficacy in vivo in a murine model of systemic inflammatory
response syndrome (SIRS).
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