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A vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) cooperative trajectory-planning algorithm for connected vehicles driven on a winding road considering characteristics of human drivers is presented in this paper. The algorithm of cooperative game is introduced to plan collision-free trajectories for the involved encountering vehicles, with satisfaction of the safety requirements including vehicle stability and road-departure avoidance. The trajectory-planning algorithm is then converted to a Model Predictive Control (MPC) problem and solved with the concept of Pareto Optimality. The algorithm is compared with a V2V trajectory-planning algorithm with non-cooperative game. Simulations are conducted in the scenarios of lane-exchange on arc shaped roads with different radius to verify the proposed algorithm. Results show that the algorithm can accomplish the task of trajectory-planning on either winding road or straight road successfully, considering the driver's characteristics. The difference of collaboration tendency in V2V driving between using cooperative algorithm and non-cooperative algorithm is also studied and described.INDEX TERMS Semi-autonomous vehicles, trajectory-planning, characteristics of human driver, cooperative control, model predictive control, winding road.

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