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Abstract. Lake Maryut (northwestern Nile Delta, Egypt) was a key feature of Alexandria's hinterland and economy during Greco-Roman times. Its shores accommodated major economic centers, and the lake acted as a gateway between the Nile valley and the Mediterranean. It is suggested that lake-level changes, connections with the Nile and the sea, and possible high-energy events considerably shaped the human occupation history of the Maryut. To reconstruct Lake Maryut hydrology in historical times, we used faunal remains, geochemistry (Sr isotopic signature of ostracods) and geoarcheological indicators of relative lake-level changes. The data show both a rise in Nile inputs to the basin during the first millennia BCE and CE and a lake-level rise of ca. 1.5 m during the Roman period. A high-energy deposit, inferred from reworked radiocarbon dates, may explain an enigmatic sedimentary hiatus previously attested to in Maryut's chronostratigraphy.

This is study follows environmental diversity assessment for geotourism development in Asir region. Geotourism seeks to supporting the tourism landscape in its interaction with the historical and archaeological, architectural or immaterial heritage, and requires diversification in terms of product, market and geographical potential. The study is based on various tourist facades and environmental diversity in Asir. As tourism development is a comprehensive undertaking involving many sectors, and these are the challenges to which the country’s tourism industry should respond to promote domestic tourism. quality and spatial pattern of tourism resources, climate comfort, and natural disaster possibility. Based on analyze multi-source datasets collected, geomorphological features of this area, we created a GIS database comprising geologic and topographic maps, and satellite images using these datasets. The findings of the study provided valuable insights into the role of environmental diversity in achieving tourism. The study examined the interrelationship between tourism and environmental diversity.

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Abha Urban is located in Asir region, southwest of Saudi Arabia. Geomorphology is one of the most influential controls in urban planning, which gives an idea about the variations in landscape/landforms and indirectly facilitates in evaluating the resources of an area. for detailed study, multi-temporal satellite remote sensing imageries and ArcGIS were used to compile and create database that provided a visual and historical perspective of the urban expansion practiced in the study area since 1970 to 2018. the different thematic map such as land use change pattern analysis, topography, and geomorphology highlight the profound changes to the landscape/landform that have incrementally developed over time. Through studying geological structures, analyzing the height and slope of the surface -topography of the surface -and their impact on the urban expansion of the region, this research illustrates how geomorphological expert knowledge can be integrated in a GIS and RS for the evaluation of Geomorphological hazards. Geomophological hazard assessment is an important component of natural hazard risk assessment. This paper presents GIS-based geomorphological hazard mapping in Abha urban, this includes the integration of published geological, geomorphological, and other data into GIS, and generation of new map products, combining governmental concerns and legal restrictions. Detailed geomorphological hazard maps for flooding zones and earth movement potential, further the paper illustrates the application of vulnerability maps dealing with the effect of hazard on urban areas, these maps can help to initiate appropriate measures to mitigate the probable hazards in the area. And trying to propose appropriate solutions for urban expansion in the light of the Geomorphological hazard's studies.