ObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) applications in neurosurgery have an increasing momentum as well as the growing number of implementations in the medical literature. In recent years, AI research define a link between neuroscience and AI. It is a connection between knowing and understanding the brain and how to simulate the brain. The machine learning algorithms, as a subset of AI, are able to learn with experiences, perform big data analysis, and fulfill human-like tasks. Intracranial surgical approaches that have been defined, disciplined, and developed in the last century have become more effective with technological developments. We aimed to define individual-safe, intracranial approaches by introducing functional anatomical structures and pathological areas to artificial intelligence.MethodsPreoperative MR images of patients with deeply located brain tumors were used for planning. Intracranial arteries, veins, and neural tracts are listed and numbered. Voxel values of these selected regions in cranial MR sequences were extracted and labeled. Tumor tissue was segmented as the target. Q-learning algorithm which is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm was run on labeled voxel values (on optimal paths extracted from the new heuristic-based path planning algorithm), then the algorithm was assigned to list the cortico-tumoral pathways that aim to remove the maximum tumor tissue and in the meantime that functional anatomical tissues will be least affected.ResultsThe most suitable cranial entry areas were found with the artificial intelligence algorithm. Cortico-tumoral pathways were revealed using Q-learning from these optimal points.ConclusionsAI will make a significant contribution to the positive outcomes as its use in both preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative technique equipment assisted neurosurgery, its use increased.

No abstract

No abstract

Özetçe-Gelişen teknoloji bilgi güvenliğini ve gizliliğini tehdit etmektedir. Günümüzde verilerin gizli ve güvenli bir ortamda aktarımının yapılması için, şifreleme metotlarının veya kriptografik sistemlerinin kullanılması kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmada resim dosyaları üzerinde nitelik belirleme, metin analizi, filtreleme, sıkıştırma gibi resim işleme teknikleri için kullanılan dönüşümlerden biri olan WHT (Walsh-HadamardTransform) kullanılmıştır. Dönüşüm sonunda elde edilen resmin piksel değerleri simetrik şifreleme algoritmalarından biri olan AES (Advanced EncryptionStandard) şifreleme algoritması ile şifrelenmiştir. Şifrelenen piksel değerleri kullanılarak şifreli txt dosyası elde edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler -Walsh-Hadamard Dönüşümü; Görüntü Şifreleme; AES; Şifreleme; Deşifreleme; Görüntü İşleme; Kriptografi.Abstract-Developing technology threaten to the information security and privacy. Today, for data transfer in a private and secure environment, the use of encryption methods or cryptographic systems are inevitable. In this study WHT (Walsh-Hadamard Transform) that is used, one of the transforms that used image processing techniques such as attribute extraction on image files, text analysis, filtering, compression. Image pixel values obtained at the end of transformation encrypt with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm. Using encryption pixel values encrypted txt file was obtained.

No abstract