Two studies investigated the role of perceived realistic and symbolic threats in predicting collective action tendencies, and in mediating effects of intergroup contact and social identity on collective action in the context of an intractable conflict. Extending earlier research on collective action, integrated threat theory, and intergroup contact theory, we tested whether realistic and symbolic threats would predict collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes; and mediate the effects of intergroup contact and social identity on collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes among the advantaged, Turks, and the disadvantaged, Kurds. Findings from both studies (Study 1, N = 289 Turks; Study 2, N = 209 Kurds) supported the predictive and mediating role of threats on collective action tendencies and outgroup attitudes. Overall findings suggest that advantaged and disadvantaged groups might not always have disparate psychologies regarding collective action and incorporating perceived threats as antecedents of collective action can help to explain collective action tendencies among both groups especially in conflictual contexts.
In spite of the harsh conditions that refugees of conflicts experience for many years in exile in developing countries, there is evidence showing that refugees of conflict help each other. This study aimed to explore one possible mechanism underlying such support and sought to answer three main research questions: Do refugees share an emergent identity that facilitates support among them (similar to people affected by disasters)? Does this identity-based support have an impact on their health? If so, does this positive impact help to mitigate the negative effect of exile stressors on refugees' health? We carried out two questionnaire surveys among Syrian refugees, first in Turkey (n = 234) and then in Jordan (n = 156). The data were analysed using path analysis to test hypotheses and build a theoretical model. We found evidence suggesting a process of shared social identity-based support among the refugees. We found that the general health of refugees to be predicted mainly by stress, but we also found that collective efficacy has a positive association with health, which suggests a buffering effect. These results shed light on the process of social support among refugees of war and suggest the role of shared identity, which can have a limited buffering effect on the health of the refugees, though not enough to fully mitigate the negative effect of secondary stressors. However, we suggest that such a process can be utilised as base for interventions that approach refugees of war as a group (i.e. at community rather than individual level).
This study explored the role of secondary transfer effects (STEs) to test whether and how contact between advantaged Turks and disadvantaged Kurds may shape support for the rights of Syrian refugees. We investigated whether dimensions of contact, positive versus negative, between a historically advantaged group (Turks, n = 300) and a disadvantaged group (Kurds, n = 127), extend to a novel disadvantaged outgroup (Syrian refugees) via attitude generalization and as a function of the perceived threat from the novel outgroup. Controlling for the
ÖZBu çalışmada zorunlu göç eden bireylerin yeni yaşam yerlerinde bağımlılık davranışı geliştirmesine neden olabilecek etmenler alan yazın ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Bağımlılık, kişiyi ve hayatını ele geçiren, sosyal ağında bulunan diğerlerine de yansıyan bireysel ve toplumsal bir sorundur. Bağımlılığın nedenleri alan yazında genetik, biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal-kültürel çerçevede ele alınmaktadır. Göç ve bağımlılık arasındaki ilişkiyi ele alan çalışmalar ise zorunlu göç ve bağımlılık davranışı arasındaki ilişkilere işaret etmektedir. Bireyin kendi isteği dışında yaşadığı bir süreç olarak zorunlu göç, belirsizlik, kaygı ve yalnızlık gibi sorunlara neden olmaktadır. Bireylerin bu süreçte maruz kaldığı travmatik deneyimler ve ruhsal bozukluklar, kültürel uyum güçlükleri ve sosyo-ekonomik etmenler bağımlılık açısından birer risk etmenidir. Bu çalışma ile zorunlu göçe maruz kalmış bireyin bağımlılık nedenleri, bağımlılık ve zorunlu göç arasındaki ilişkileri araştıran çalışmalar derlenerek incelenecektir. Alan yazın taramasında zorunlu göç süreci ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların çoğunlukla ruh sağlığı sorunlarını ele aldığı, bağımlılık davranışını araştıran çalışmaların daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, gelecekte bağımlılık üzerine yapılacak çalışmalarda zorunlu göç eden bireylerin bağımlılık davranışı göstermesinde etkili olan etmenlerin daha ayrıntılı incelenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Aynı
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