The effective functioning of any sector of agriculture is provided with adequate comprehensive state support. Aquaculture is no exception. The paper discloses the content of state support for agricultural activities in the field of aquaculture. The legislation defining directions and general principles of aquaculture development are analyzed. It is established that support for aquaculture activities by the state should be carried out by every possible means both in the economic and other areas: encouragement to produce naturally safe aquaculture products that can compete with the markets of other countries; financial promotion of breeding; improving fish productivity of water bodies through artificial restoration of water living resources; restoration of the proportion of populations of endangered and rare species of animals and plants whose habitat is water; promoting the development of own production of aquaculture feed; carrying out research and development in the field of aquaculture for their financing and introduction of results into production; financial support; providing training for highly qualified aquaculture professionals; promoting sustainable aquaculture production, etc. Financial, organizational and legal mechanisms of state support in the field of aquaculture are considered. Keywords: aquaculture, state support, compensation, financing, agriculture, aquaculture entities
The article analyzes the problems of the current state of legal regulation of labor relations in agricultural cooperatives. Prospects for the settlement of these relations in the context of labor reform and updating of agricultural legislation are investigated. According to the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the low degree of regulation of agrarian labor relations in agricultural cooperatives by the norms of agrarian law. It is determined that in the existing drafts of the Labor Code in terms of settlement of the studied relations a prominent place is given to the local level, which again brings us back to the problem of low level of labor relations with members of agricultural cooperatives by local acts. It is established that based on the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation» dated 21.07.2020 № 819-IX the most acceptable way of legal registration of labor participation of members of agricultural cooperatives, will be the conclusion of employment contracts with such persons. It is stated that the abolition of mandatory labor participation of members of the cooperative in its activities and the complexity of regulating such relations in the future may lead to the spread of the practice of not establishing this condition in the statutes of such entities. It is proposed to develop a bylaw that would regulate the method and procedure for registration of relations on labor participation of members of the cooperative in its activities, determine the characteristics of the work of members of the cooperative. A proposal was made to include in the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation» № 819-IX norms on the peculiarities of the regulation of labor relations in agricultural cooperatives. Keywords: agrarian labor relations, cooperative, legal regulation, labor in agriculture, agricultural cooperative, labor relations, membership
Виробництво органічної сільськогосподарської продукції набуває все більшого поширення у світі. Попит на якісні та безпечні органічні продукти постійно збільшується, що робить цей бізнес прибутковим та перспективним.
The article is devoted to the definition of the concept and types of subjects of legal relations in the field of organic agricultural production based on the analysis of doctrinal approaches and provisions of domestic and international law. Applying the approach «from general to specific» the concepts of «subjects of legal relations», «subjects of agrarian legal relations», «subjects of legal relations in the field of organic agricultural production» are investigated. It is concluded that the concept of «agricultural producer» is generalized and covers all producers of such products, regard less of the object of production and other characteristics of this entity and the production process. Formulated is the concept of «producer of organic products (raw materials)» – a subject of agrarian legal relations, which independently owns and disposes of separate property, in the property complex of which the main means of production is a natural object – agricultural land used by it for organic production, as well as processing of raw materials of plant and animal origin, or a fishery facility for the production and processing of aquaculture facilities in order to ensure food security, subject to compliance with environmental safety requirements. The basic constitutive features of producers of organic products (raw materials) are determined: the presence of a certificate of conformity and inclusion in the registers according to the legislation. It is substantiated that the main subjects of legal relations in the field of organic agricultural production are individuals and legal entities engaged in the production and/or circulation of products in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of organic production, circulation and labeling of organic products. Auxiliary subjects of legal relations in the research area are certification bodies, public authorities with powers in the field of regulation and control over such activities, as well as processing, procurement, marketing, supply, service and other agricultural entities, the public. Keywords: subject, legal relations, organic agricultural production, agricultural enterprise, producer of agricultural products, agricultural products, operator, certification body, organic products
The article presents a scientific and theoretical analysis of the legislation that introduces green bonds as a tool for financing organic production, as well as identifies ways for its improvement. It is determined that a new type of securities – green bonds, can become one of the tools to support the development of organic agricultural production. It is proved that the allocation of environmental projects as a direction, which involve the use of funds raised from the issuance of green bonds, organic farming, is debatable, given the lack of normative definition of this concept, which may complicate the implementation of legislation and compliance with green bond issuance standards (Green Bond Principles). Based on the analysis of legal doctrine in terms of defining the concepts of «organic farming», «organic crop», «organic production», as well as features of organic production, it is concluded that organic crop, livestock, aquaculture fully meet the categories of environmental projects GBR principles (such as: ecologically sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture; agricultural technologies that do not harm the climate, etc.) It is proposed to set out the first paragraph of Part 2 of Art. 18 of the Law of Ukraine «On Capital Markets and Organized Commodity Markets» as follows: «environmental project is a project in the field of alternative energy, energy efficiency, minimization of waste generation, utilization and processing, introduction of environmentally friendly transport, organic production, conservation of flora and fauna, water and land resources, adaptation to climate change, and another project, aimed at protecting the environment, implementing environmental standards, reducing emissions into the environment». Keywords: government support, green bonds, legal support, environmental project, organic production, organic farming, organic products
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