The 24-month outcomes from the trial demonstrate a durable and superior treatment effect of DCB versus PTA with significantly higher primary patency, lower CD-TLR, and similar functional status improvement with fewer repeat interventions. (Randomized Trial of IN.PACT Admiral Drug Eluting Balloon vs Standard PTA for the Treatment of SFA and Proximal Popliteal Arterial Disease [INPACT SFA I]; NCT01175850; and IN.PACT Admiral Drug-Coated Balloon vs. Standard Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Superficial Femoral Artery [SFA] and Proximal Popliteal Artery [PPA] [INPACT SFA II]; NCT01566461).

E ndovascular intervention has become the primary mode of revascularization for patients with symptomatic femoropopliteal peripheral artery disease. Multiple modalities of treatment exist; however, the mainstay is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and implantation of a bare metal stent (BMS). 1 Angioplasty, though effective in luminal gain, has been associated with restenosis rate of up to 60% at 12 months. 2,3 Although implantation of a BMS has been shown to reduce this restenosis rate by nearly half, 2-7 BMSs are associated with inherent problems, including in-stent restenosis, thrombosis, and stent fracture. 8-10 See Editorial by Sethi and Parikh To overcome the limitations of standard interventions such as PTA or BMSs, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) were developed in hopes of improved patency over the long term,

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

The use of a confining sheath fluid within a microfluidic channel in order prevent non-specific adsorption of analytes to the walls of microchannels is demonstrated. A sheath-flow channel fabricated using laser cutting of Mylar films is developed. Numerical simulations of convective and diffusive mass transport within the channel are presented. The device is characterized experimentally using epifluorescence microscopy. It is demonstrated that the device is capable of preventing the adsorption of Rhodamine B to the walls of the channel for a period that would allow for adsorption-free T-sensor measurements to be made within the core of the flow channel. Generalized scaling rules based on the diffusion coefficient, sheath thickness and affinity of the potential adsorbant for the surface material are discussed. The controlled adsorption of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) to a gold surface is also demonstrated using SPR microscopy.

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