OBJECTIVETethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a neurosurgical disorder with varied clinical manifestations believed to result from vascular compromise due to stretch forces on the spinal cord. Conventional supine MRI findings may include a low-lying conus medullaris, thickened or fat-infiltrated filum terminale, or lipoma; however, imaging sensitivity and specificity for tethered cord can be low. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of prone MRI in the diagnosis of tethered and retethered spinal cord.METHODSMedical records were reviewed in 41 patients who underwent surgical release of tethered cord and in whom preoperative prone MRI sequences were available. Patients were divided into Group 1 (new TCS diagnosis) and Group 2 (recurrent TCS after previous untethering). Absolute conus ventral motion and motion as a percentage of canal width between supine and prone positions was measured in these 2 groups via sagittal T2-weighted sequences; these groups were compared with 30 consecutive patients (Group 3) who were classified as the normal control group.RESULTSThe mean ventral motion was as follows: Group 1 (absolute: 0.5 ± 0.5 mm [range 0–2.4 mm]; canal percentage: 3.7% ± 3.9% [range 0%–16.3%]); Group 2 (absolute: 0.4 ± 0.7 mm [range 0–2.6 mm]; canal percentage: 2.2% ± 3.7% [range 0%–14.0%]); and Group 3 (absolute: 3.4 ± 1.3 mm [range 1.4–5.6 mm]; canal percentage: 22.0% ± 7.2% [range 10.5%–36.1%]). Whereas 38/41 surgically treated patients with TCS had diminished (< 10% canal width) ventral motion on preoperative MRI, 30/30 controls had > 10% canal width motion. Sensitivity and specificity were thereby calculated as 92.7% and 100%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn the present series, prone imaging is found to be a sensitive and specific tool, and the authors believe it may have a role as supportive evidence in the diagnosis of tethered and retethered spinal cord.

Laminoplasty with autograft is a safe and effective method to treat cervical myelopathy, with good medium-term clinical outcome. No reclosures were observed. Bony fusion was seen in all cases on CT scan. Our study found good outcomes in the performance of open-door laminoplasty without hardware, in the treatment of cervical stenosis.

Background:Lesions of the petroclival fissure are difficult to access surgically. Both retrosigmoid and presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approaches have been described to successfully treat these complex tumors. The retrosigmoid approach offers quick and familiar access, whereas the presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach reduces the operative distance and the need for cerebellar retraction. The presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach, however, is constrained by anatomical limits that can be subject to patient variation. We sought to characterize the surgically relevant variation to guide preoperative assessment.Methods:One hundred and seventy-seven high-resolution computed tomography scans of the head (without preexisting pathology) were reviewed. Three hundred and fifty-four temporal bone scans were analyzed for level of aeration, size of Trautmann's triangle dura, and petrous slope. Petrous slope is the angle between the anterior sigmoid sinus and the petroclival fissure at the level of the internal acoustic canal.Results:Trautmann's triangle area had a mean of 185.15 mm2 (range 71.4–426.7 mm2). Petrous slope had a mean value of 149° (range 106–178°). Increasing aeration was found to be correlated with decreasing petrous slope and decreasing Trautmann's triangle area.Conclusion:The presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach is uniquely confined. Variations in temporal bone anatomy can have dramatic impacts on the operative time, risk profile, and final exposure. Preoperative assessment is critical in guiding the surgeon on the appropriateness of approach. Preoperative measurement of Trautmann's triangle, petrous slope, and aeration can help to reduce surgical morbidity.

The orbital roof-dorsum line provides a simple and reliable method of estimating basilar artery exposure and should be used whenever considering patients for surgical clipping by this approach.

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We report the case of a solitary meningioma infiltrating the trochlear nerve, the first in a patient without a neurocutaneous disorder or cavernous sinus involvement. The patient presented with diplopia was found to have a focal enhancing mass encompassing the trochlear nerve. Following surgical resection, pathological examination showed meningioma infiltrating the nerve itself, demonstrated on the included pathology images. A review of the literature and discussion of meningiomas infiltrating cranial nerves are included.

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