Resources are scarce, but needs are unlimited. Therefore, the rational attempt must be designed in order to allocate optimally the limited resources to satisfy as maximum as possible our dire needs of life. This chapter attempts to examine the impact of military expenditure (percentage of GDP) on health issues of five selected SAARC countries by employing the panel data model from the period 1995 to 2015. The authors have found that as military expenditure increased, total health expenditure (percentage of GDP), public health expenditure (percentage of GDP), and private health expenditure (percentage of GDP) decreased. The present study has also witnessed an inverse relation between population growth and health expenditure. Military expenditure adversely affected the two health indicators, namely life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate.
There is no point to disagree that inequality in recent time has come up as a growing social predicament in the world. This chapter endeavors to look into the issue of convergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product, infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth and Human Development Index among eight member countries of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) during the time frame 1990-2013. There has been an evidence of strong absolute beta divergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product and infant mortality rate. But the beta convergence in terms of life expectancy at birth and HDI has also been empirically evidenced. Strong evidence of conditional beta divergence conditioning on infant mortality rate exists in terms of PCGDP only for the time period 1990-1995. Sigma divergence implying dispersion among the countries in terms of PCGDP and IMR has risen over time. But sigma convergence has been found to exist for LEB and HDI.
Development of infrastructure industries is essential to enhance the growth of a developing country. The present chapter attempts to examine the impact of infrastructure on Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Gross Domestic Product of six SAARC countries from the period 1990-91 to 2013-14. The model is mis-specified whenever we have used the restricted panel data model. We have derived the results by employing the unrestricted panel data model. Impact of road, internet users and total electricity production on the level of GDP as well as on the level of PCGDP is highest for India among the all SAARC countries. India has also the highest rate of growth of GDP over the entire period. Rate of growth of PCGDP is highest for Sri Lanka followed by India.
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