It is well documented that a ruminative response style is associated with greater risk for depression in children and adults. Less is known about the association between rumination and stress reactivity, particularly among children. Similarly, the extent to which depressive rumination is associated with general reactivity to negative emotion, or more specifically to sadness, has not received sufficient attention. The current study examines the association between depressive rumination and stress reactivity in response to a mild laboratory stressor in school-aged children. A diverse sample of 94 children between the ages of 8 and 12 participated in this 2-session study in which they reported on their tendency to engage in depressive rumination. Children's cardiovascular reactivity (operationalized as respiratory sinus arrhythmia) was assessed while they completed a task in which they read vignettes depicting children experiencing sadness and fear. Children also reported on their emotional reaction to the sad and fear vignettes, and we assessed the length of time it took them to respond to these questions (reaction time). Rumination was associated with greater decreases in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and greater increases in self-reported negative emotion in response to the sad but not the fear vignettes, suggesting that children higher in depressive rumination experienced more subjective arousal and showed evidence of greater regulatory effort when contemplating sadness. Rumination was associated with slower reaction time to both types of vignettes in one condition of the paradigm only. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for rumination and stress reactivity.
Objective: To analyze how perceived risk and emotional distress were affected by the first visit to a Genetic Counseling Unit in patients with a family history of hereditarian breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or colorectal cancer.Methods: Risk perception of suffering cancer at 1 year, at 10 years, and across the life span, as well as emotional distress (assessed as sadness, anxiety and worries during the last week) was assessed in three moments: before the first visit to the Genetic Counseling Unit, immediately after finishing the visit, and 2-3 weeks after the first visit.Results: Emotional distress prior the first visit was observed in 30% of patients, with higher levels in patients without job. The first visit decreased emotional distress in most cases. However, 34% of patients stated that they were more anxious after the visit, 32% of patients become sadder, and 23% of patients were more worried. Patients who expressed increased levels of emotional distress after the visit were worried about their sons (or sons they wanted to have in the future). In spite of that, this emotional distress decreased at 2-3 weeks. The first visit to a Genetic Counseling Unit decreased risk perception of having cancer across the life span (p<.01), and there were not differences between the three types of cancer. ResumenObjetivo: Analizar los efectos que provoca la primera visita de consejo genético para cán-cer hereditario sobre la percepción de riesgo, y el malestar emocional en pacientes que acuden por primera vez a la Unidad de Consejo Genético (UCG) por historia familiar de cán-cer de mama, ovario o colon hereditario.Método: Se evaluó la percepción de riesgo de padecer cáncer (al año, a 10 años, y a lo largo de toda la vida), y la intensidad del malestar emocional (evaluada como la ansiedad, tristeza y preocupación por la salud experimentadas durante la última semana) en tres ocasiones: inmediatamente antes de la primera visita de consejo genético (CG), inmediatamente después de la misma, y al cabo de 2-3 semanas.Resultados: El malestar emocional previo a la visita se producía en aproximadamente un 30% de los pacientes, siendo mayor en las personas que no realizaban actividad laboral. Si bien la visita de CG reducía el malestar emocional en muchos casos, ocurría lo contrario en algunos pacientes inmediatamente después de la misma (un 34% se sentía más ansioso, un 32% se sentía más triste, y un 23% se sentía más preocupado), y ello guardaba relación con la preocupación por los hijos (tanto si se tenían como si se pretendía tenerlos en el futuro). No obstante, este malestar se reducía en las 2-3
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