Questions: Perching and nursing effects drive initial steps of forest expansion over grasslands. Nursing effect is obviously related to niche mechanisms, while perching effect is likely to result both from neutral and niche factors. This study assessed the effect of neutral and niche factors on species composition in sapling communities developing beneath isolated trees/shrubs (ITS) in grassland. Location: A mosaic of Campos grassland and Araucaria forest in São Francisco de Paula, southern Brazil (29°28′S, 50°13′W). Methods: We described sapling communities beneath 32 ITS using mean number of forest woody saplings of different species. We performed a stepwise canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to select ITS traits that maximized the association with species composition. Then we evaluated the contribution of distance from seed source, ITS traits and distance‐structured ITS traits on sapling community assembly using a variation partitioning method based on CCA and partial CCA. Results: Sapling species composition was significantly explained by ITS traits (ITS dispersal mode, ITS growth form, crown area:ITS height ratio, crown area, ITS height and crown area:volume ratio). Distance from seed sources explained only a minor, non‐significant fraction of sapling species composition. Distance‐structured trait variation was negligible. Conclusions: Sapling community assembly beneath ITS was mostly explained by niche factors related to both nursing and perching effects. Dispersal limitation explained only a small fraction of variation in species composition beneath ITS, suggesting that neutral‐based perching effect had a minor role in community assembly.

ABSTRACT(Seed rain of woody species in mosaics of Araucaria forest and grasslands in Southern Brazil). Mechanisms of seed dispersal and recruitment avoid intraspecific competition and allow plants to colonize new habitats. In transition areas between forest and grassland, these processes are not spatially random, but are often associated with isolated woody individuals in the grassland or with areas of continuous shrub cover. In southern Brazil, Araucaria forest forms a mosaic with grassland (Campos) and advance of forest over grassland is observed. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of diaspore dispersal of woody plants associated with ecotones between Araucaria forest and grassland and with isolated woody individuals in the grassland matrix. The study was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata PUCRS, in São Francisco de Paula, in grassland vegetation excluded from fire and grazing for 16 years, and which is surrounded by forest. Diaspore dispersal was evaluated for eight months by using collectors positioned in forest-grassland ecotones with different physiognomies and under isolated woody individuals in the grassland matrix. The different types of environment were compared by univariate and multivariate analysis of variance to verify seed-rain patterns. The results indicated that seed dispersal occurs preferentially associated with isolated woody individuals of Araucaria angustifolia and with continuous patches of Baccharis uncinella. We suggest that these habitats would function as extensions of more similar forest conditions within the grassland matrix.