The use of xenobiotics in food production and how food intake is carried out in different cultures, along with different eating habits (omnivorism (ON), ovolactovegetarianism (VT), and strict vegetarianism (VG)) seem to have implications for antimicrobial resistance, especially in the human gut microbiota. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of the clinical resistome of the human gut microbiota among healthy individuals with different eating habits. Volunteers were divided into 3 groups: n = 19 omnivores (ON), n = 20 ovolactovegetarians (VT), and n = 19 strict vegetarians (VG), and nutritional and anthropometric parameters were measured. Metagenomic DNA from fecal samples was used as a template for PCR screening of 37 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) representative of commonly used agents in human medicine. The correlation between eating habits and ARG was evaluated. There were no significant differences in mean caloric intake. Mean protein intake was significantly higher in ON, and fiber and carbohydrate consumption was higher in VG. From the screened ARG, 22 were detected. No clear relationship between diets and the occurrence of ARG was observed. Resistance genes against tetracyclines, β-lactams, and the MLS group (macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins) were the most frequent, followed by resistance genes against sulfonamides and aminoglycosides. Vegetables and minimally processed foods seem to be the main source of ARG for the human gut microbiota. Although eating habits vary among individuals, the open environment and the widespread ARG from different human activities draw attention to the complexity of the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon which should be addressed by a One Health approach.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) measured by ultrasonography and adipometer and the applicability of the measurement as an indicator of the nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design (n= 137). The concordance between APMT assessed by both methods were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient. Bland-Altman graphics were produced. APMTs were correlated with body mass index (BMI); calf circumference (CC), brachial circumference (BC) and brachial muscle (BMC); lean tissue mass (LTM); LTM index and body cell mass (BCM) via Pearson correlation. The adipometer overestimated APMT by 7 mm when compared to ultrasonography. APMT measured by adipometer was moderately correlated with BMI, CC, BC, BMC, LTM and BCM. APMT by ultrasonography was weakly correlated with CC, BMC, LTM, and LTM index. Conclusion: APMT presented weak or moderate correlation between methods. The measurement was predictive of muscle mass. We suggest that APMT be used in a complementary way in the evaluation of body composition.
Introdução: A desnutrição está presente nos idosos portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento conservador. É um dos principais fatores que afetam adversamente o prognóstico e está associada ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de desnutrição e fatores associados em idosos portadores de DRC em tratamento conservador. Material e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, de delineamento transversal, incluindo portadores de DRC estágios 3, 4 e 5 em tratamento conservador com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, prática de atividade física e antropométricos. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas com frequências absolutas e relativas e comparadas, de acordo com o sexo, pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Para a avaliação dos fatores relacionados à presença de desnutrição, o IMC foi dicotomizado em desnutridos e não desnutridos e calculou-se a Odds ratio. Resultados: Avaliaram-se 136 indivíduos. A prevalência de desnutrição foi de 13%, segundo IMC, e por meio do índice de tecido magro, constatou-se que 35,2% das mulheres e 30% dos homens apresentaram depleção de massa muscular. Fumantes têm 7,36 vezes mais chances de ter desnutrição quando comparado a um não fumante. Conclusão: Observou-se uma alta prevalência de desnutrição nesse estudo. Não foram encontradas associações relacionadas ao sexo, escolaridade, renda, sedentarismo, estágio DRC, DM e HAS. O tabagismo foi o fator que apresentou associação significativa com a desnutrição.
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