Hypernatremic dehydration is an important problem that should be managed properly to avoid adverse outcomes.

Purpose:To see the efficacy in atelectasis and clinical effectiveness of rhDNase in newborns unresponsive to conventional therapy. Material and methods: Eight newborns (7 premature) with atelectasis in the lungs were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were given rhDNase 2.5 mg twice daily with nebulizer for up to 3 days after conventional therapies. Results:The birth weight and gestational age of the patients ranged respectively from 500 g to 3000 g and 25 weeks to 41 weeks. When atelectasis developed, six of eight patients were mechanically ventilated. Infants received a dosage of 2.5 mg rhDNase every 12 hours with nebulizer for 3 days. Six of 8 patients showed almost complete improvement after the rhDNase treatment. One patient who did not respond to the treatment had an underlying "hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy" and complicated pneumonia. This patient died during the follow up. The other patient gave partial response to treatment. Of 6 mechanically ventilated patients 3 patients extubated in 3 days, one patient extubated after 9 days and two patients could not be extubated. Atelectasis relapsed in 6 patients. After second 3-day course of treatment by a nebulizer, recovery was seen in 3 days. There was no side effect due to rhDNase treatment. Conclusion:We suggest that rhDNase may be administered as an alternative treatment to the newborn infants with atelectasis in their lung. Especially, if there was no underlying disease, and if they did not respond to conventional treatment for atelectasis. More studies should be done with larger study groups.

Vasovagal syncope constitutes 61% to 80% of syncope cases in the pediatric age group. Syncope is frequently associated with psychopathologies such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatization disorders, etc. Our study aims to evaluate vasovagal syncope cases in terms of additional psychopathologies, depression, and anxiety levels with a control group. A total of 97 people were included in the study (47 cases and 50 controls). After conducting a cardiological examination, the participants were evaluated for psychopathologies using Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version, Child Depression Inventory, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The case group had a higher rate of psychopathology compared with the control group. Depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, and conversion disorder were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Syncope in children can be an underlying psychopathology or the clinical manifestation of a psychosomatic condition. Psychological assessment, which could offer beneficial contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of syncope, was considered necessary for a holistic evaluation of patients.

We report on a seventeen-year-old boy with acute pleuro-pericarditis with human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection. He presented with chest pain, fever and shortness of breath. On physical examination, he had orthopnea, increased temperature (38,4 °C), tachycardia and hepatomegaly. Echocardiography showed a pericardial effusion of 12 mm. Thoracic ultrasound revealed left pleural effusion of 10 mm. Serum anti-Parvovirus 19 IgM and Parvovirus B19 DNA were positive. Two weeks later; serum anti-Parvovirus B19 IgM was negative, pericardial effusion and pleural effusion were resolved. In our knowledge this case represents the first report of acute pleuro-pericarditis associated with Parvovirus B19 infection in a pediatric patient.