Arsenic is one of the most toxic heavy metals to the environment which cause community health problem due to its high toxic nature. Several physiochemical techniques, such as adsorption, ion exchange, lime softening, reverse osmosis, coagulation and precipitation are used for arsenic removal but in this study, adsorption was used because of its simplicity to use and availability of a wide range of adsorbents. Adsorption is the process which is used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Although there are Various adsorbents methods used to remove different type of heavy metal ions for study, iron impregnated activated carbon which was derived from sugarcane bagasse, was investigated as potential adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from aqueous solution. The synthetic wastewater was prepared in the laboratory to conduct the experiments. Batch experiments were conducted to obtain the optimum conditions for arsenic adsorption. Effect of experimental parameter such as pH, adsorbent dose, and initial arsenic ion concentration was determined at constant contact time of 30min and atmospheric temperature. The optimum conditions obtained were, pH 7, 1mg adsorbent dose and initial concentration of 20mg/L. Adsorption behavior could be described using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorption data was well fitted in Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption efficiency was found to be 96.5% at optimum experimental parameters of pH 7, adsorbent dose of 1g and initial arsenic concentration of 20mg/L.
Background: The cause of stillbirth is often unknown, but can be attributable to various causes; hypertensive disorders and obstetric factors supposed to complicate pregnancy and may cost the life of the fetus. It is the series pregnancy problem not precisely known and only available few research findings are inconsistent & not well established.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the association between Stillbirth and hypertensive disorder and obstetric factors.Methods: Facility based unmatched case-control study design was employed from January2018 to June2019, (287 cases and 574 controls) was selected using systematic random sampling methods. Double population proportions formula with 1:2 case to control ratio was used to calculate sample size with 95% confidence interval and 80% power. The data was collected from clinical records of mother’s a using data collecting checklist. Epi data version 4.4.2.1 was used for data entry, and analysis was done by SPSS version 21 statistical software. Descriptive analysis such as frequency, percentage and chi-square test were done. For the inferential analysis, a multivariable analysis was done. Statically significant was used at a p-value <0.05 both for the univarible and multivariable analysis.Result: Women who had hypertensive disorder were 1.76 times at risk to have stillbirth than no hypertensive disorder (AOR: 1.76: 95%CI :( 1.06, 2.9). In addition, women who had first antenatal care at third trimester were 4 times at higher risk to have still birth than women, who had first antenatal care at first trimesters (AOR: 4, 95%CI: (1.54, 11). Women who had more than four children were 2.6 times at higher risk of having still birth compared with women one child (AOR: 2.6, 95%CI: (1.2, 5.7). Furthermore, the odds of having still birth was found to be higher in women, who had blood group O than blood group A (AOR: 1.7: 95%CI: (1.057, 2.8).Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, we conclude that a hypertensive disorders and obstetric factors were risk factors for stillbirth. Therefore, it is significant to give special attention to women with hypertensive disorder and multipara women.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.