Abstract. In this paper we study a class of groups which may be described as groups of piecewise linear bijections of a circle or of compact intervals of the real line. We use the action of these groups on simplicial complexes to obtain homological and combinatorial information about them. We also identify large simple subgroups in all of them, providing examples of finitely presented infinite simple groups.

In infants with fluctuations in Spo(2), automated Fio(2) adjustment improved maintenance of the intended Spo(2) range led to reduced time with high Spo(2) and more-frequent episodes with Spo(2) between 80% and 86%.

Abstract. In this paper we study a class of groups which may be described as groups of piecewise linear bijections of a circle or of compact intervals of the real line. We use the action of these groups on simplicial complexes to obtain homological and combinatorial information about them. We also identify large simple subgroups in all of them, providing examples of finitely presented infinite simple groups.

We investigate group actions on simply-connected (second countable but not necessarily Hausdorff) 1-manifolds and describe an infinite family of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds whose fundamental groups do not act nontrivially on such 1-manifolds. As a corollary we conclude that these 3-manifolds contain no Reebless foliation. In fact, these arguments extend to actions on oriented R \mathbb R -order trees and hence these 3-manifolds contain no transversely oriented essential lamination; in particular, they are non-Haken.

Abstract. The distance from the origin in the word metric for generalizations

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Abstract. We describe pure braided versions of Thompson's group F . These groups, BF and BF , are subgroups of the braided versions of Thompson's group V , introduced by Brin and Dehornoy. Unlike V , elements of F are order-preserving self-maps of the interval and we use pure braids together with elements of F thus preserving order. We define these groups and give normal forms for elements and describe infinite and finite presentations of these groups.

Objective To investigate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and cannula use in the neonatal intensive care unit. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients One hundred patients (200 nasal cavities), younger than 1 year, who received at least 7 days of nasal CPAP (n = 91) or cannula supplementation (n = 9) in the neonatal intensive care unit. Interventions External nasal examination and anterior nasal endoscopy with photographic documentation. Main Outcome Measures The incidence and characteristics of internal and external nasal findings of patients with nasal CPAP or cannula use. Results Nasal complications were seen in 12 of the 91 patients (13.2%) with at least 7 days of nasal CPAP exposure, while no complications were seen in the 9 patients with nasal cannula use alone. The external nasal finding of columellar necrosis, seen in 5 patients (5.5%), occurred as early as 10 days after nasal CPAP use. Incidence of intranasal findings attributed to CPAP use, in the 182 nostrils examined, included ulceration in 6 nasal cavities (3.3%), granulation in 3 nasal cavities (1.6%), and vestibular stenosis in 4 nasal cavities (2.2%). Intranasal complications were seen as early as 8 to 9 days after nasal CPAP administration. Nasal complications from CPAP were associated with lower Apgar scores at 1 (P = .02) and 5 (P = .06) minutes. Conclusions External or internal complications of nasal CPAP can be relatively frequent (13.2%) and can occur early, and patients with lower Apgar scores may be at higher risk. Close surveillance for potential complications should be considered during nasal CPAP use.