The CCU procedure is a quick and effective noninvasive method in children aged <90 days. Contamination proportions were similar to those reported in the literature for urethral catheterization. Circumstances for which the CCU procedure could be performed are proposed.

The visual system undergoes major modifications during the first year of life. We wanted to examine whether the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways mature at the same rate or if they follow a different developmental course. A previous study carried out in our laboratory had shown that the N1 and P1 components of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were preferentially related to the activity of P and M pathways, respectively. In the present study, PVEPs were recorded at Oz in 33 infants aged between 0 and 52 weeks, in response to two spatial frequencies (0.5 and 2.5 c deg(-1)) presented at four contrast levels (4, 12, 28 and 95%). Results indicate that the P1 component appeared before the N1 component in the periods tested and was unambiguously present at birth. The P1 component showed a rapid gain in amplitude in the following months, to reach a ceiling around 4-6 months. Conversely, the N1 component always appeared later and then gained in amplitude until the end of the first year without reaching a plateau. Latencies were also computed but no developmental dissociation was revealed. Results obtained on amplitude are interpreted as demonstrating a developmental dissociation between the underlying M and P pathways, suggesting that the former is functional earlier and matures faster than the latter during the first year of life.

Objective: This study examined how best to identify modifiable protective and risk factors for burnout in healthcare workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual, occupational, organizational and social factors were investigated. The study also assessed the impact of these factors on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.Methods: Healthcare workers in the Quebec (Canada) healthcare system were recruited between May 21 to June 5, 2020. Participants answered an electronic survey 3 months after the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak began in Canada. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, we studied the prevalence of burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression in this cohort. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models including resilience, social and organizational support, workload and access to mental health help, simulation techniques and protective personal equipment (PPE) as well as perception of PPE security were conducted for each outcome.Results: In mid-June 2020, 467 participants completed the survey. We found that half (51.8%) of the respondents experienced burnout characterized by emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization at least once a week. In total, 158 healthcare workers (35.6%) displayed severe symptoms of at least one of the mental health disorders (24.3% PTSD, 23.3% anxiety, 10.6% depression). Resilience (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: [0.55–0.87]; p = 0.002) and perceived organizational support (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: [0.61–0.93]; p = 0.009) were significantly associated with burnout and other outcomes. Social support satisfaction, perception of PPE security, work type and environment, mental health antecedents and reassignment were associated with PTSD and/or anxiety and/or depression, but not burnout.Conclusion: Future studies should address primarily resilience and perceived organizational support to promote mental health and prevent burnout, PTSD, anxiety and depression.

This study investigated the effect of very preterm birth (gestation < or =30wks) and very low birth weight (< or =1500g) on the development of magnocellular and parvocellular visual processing streams. Participants were preterm infants (n=55: 31 females, 24 males) born between 24 and 30 weeks'gestation (mean 27.4wks [SD 1.3]), weighing between 720 and 1470g (mean 1015g [SD 215]) and term infants (n=52: 27 females, 25 males) born between 38 and 42 weeks'gestation (mean 39.4wks [SD 0.9]), weighing between 2670 and 4405g (mean 3549g [SD 440]). Visual-evoked potentials to phase-reversing sine-wave gratings, varying in spatial frequency and contrast, were used to elicit magnocellular and parvocellular specific responses. Previous studies found that the N1 component reflects the parvocellular response, while P1 reflects the magnocellular response in adults and infants. Findings from the current study indicate significantly lower P1 amplitudes in preterm compared with term infants under most conditions. No difference was found for the amplitude of the N1 waveform. Results indicate that, for the age-range tested, preterm birth has little effect on the development of parvocellular function, while it appears to disrupt the development of magnocelluar function.