Antimicrobial effector proteins are a key mechanism for the innate immune system to combat pathogens once they infect the host. We report the identification and cloning of the mouse homologue of human bactericidal permeability/increasing protein (BPI). Mouse BPI is constitutively expressed in lymphatic organs and tissues as well as in mouse testis. Upon stimulation with different TLR ligands, mouse BPI is strongly expressed in granulocytes and, surprisingly, in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Mouse BPI is most strongly induced by bacterial LPS through a signaling pathway that is completely dependent on TLR4-Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β. Functional studies revealed that mouse BPI does have the potential to neutralize LPS and inhibits bacterial growth. Mouse BPI is expressed in granulocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and the transcriptional activation is controlled by TLRs.

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Suicide rates have reached their highest documented levels in the United States with the greatest increases among indigenous youth, including Native Hawaiians. Culturally informed, effective prevention and treatment services are needed now more than ever for Native communities to heal and flourish. Multicomponent prevention and service strategies rooted in indigenous values and approaches show the most promise. Native Hawaiian communities are united around a common goal of suicide prevention, intervention and postvention, linking cultural meanings to improve understanding and guide local efforts. This paper highlights important cultural values to consider when developing and implementing suicide prevention, intervention and postvention. Strategies build upon the strengths of Native Hawaiian youth and their respective communities. Native Hawaiian sayings anchor each level and serve to organize a set of culturally informed and culturally embedded programs and approaches along the continuum of prevention, intervention and postvention. Application of indigenization to suicide prevention enhances connections to people and place, inspiring hope among Native Hawaiian youth, their families and their communities. (PsycINFO Database Record

Serving children with mental health needs in public schools, particularly in rural areas, remains a challenge. Initiating, developing, and maintaining innovative programs can be difficult, especially for diverse minority communities in the United States. Creative partnerships have the potential to mutually enhance each partner’s ability to secure resources for, provide needed services to, and improve the academic and social-emotional well-being of diverse, rural public education students. This article describes the ̀Ike Pilialoha (bonds of knowledge, friendship, and love) Program—a school-consultation pilot program that uses resources from a local nonprofit health organization, the local state Department of Education, and the federal government. Positive evaluation outcomes for the overall evaluation program are provided, as well as information on educational resources, implications, and lessons learned that may benefit other rural students and families.

Background The first years of life are a significant period for child development, when children are particularly sensitive and prone to crises. This early phase lays the foundation for healthy growth. Clinical assessment of psychological symptoms in early infancy and adequate treatment are both important in improving the diagnostic outcome and preventing later long-term developmental consequences. The most common psychological problems in the first 3 years of life are regulatory disorders. The aim of this trial is to investigate the efficacy of Parent-Infant Psychotherapy (PIP) for infants and young children (aged 0–36 months, diagnosed with at least one regulatory disorder) and their mothers, compared to care as usual (CAU). Methods In this open multicentre randomised controlled trial, 160 mother-infant dyads are randomised to receive PIP or CAU for 6 weeks of intervention in clinical or outpatient (including home treatment) settings. The primary outcome is the maternal sensitivity (sensitivity scale of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS)) after 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes include assessment of interaction, mental health problems, attachment, development, psychological factors, treatment adherence, health care system utilisation, and costs, after 6 weeks and 12 months. Discussion This study will evaluate whether a manualised focus-based short-term psychodynamic psychotherapeutic intervention in mother-child dyads improves the care situation for families of children diagnosed with regulatory disorders, and helps prevent long-term psychopathologies. Assessment of the intervention in different settings will support the development of more tailored interventions for affected infants and their mothers. Trial registration German Clinical Trial Register, ID: DRKS00017008. Registered 03/20/2019.