An aggregate acreage supply model for the Canadian prairies is estimated assuming that farmers base short-run acreage decisions on the ex ante rational expectation and variance of per-hectare revenue. To account for the effects of government intervention, a structural model of the Western Grains Stabilization Program is incorporated into the estimation framework. Results indicate the Program contributed to modest increases in cropped acreage between 1976 and 1990.Key words: acreage supply, rational expectations, revenue stabilization, risk response.Our ultimate goal is to estimate the log-linear aggregate acreage supply equationHere, At is millions of hectares planted in western Canada, prior to the beginning of marketing year t, to six major grain crops: wheat, barley, oats, rye, flax, and canola.' R, is the marketing year production-weighted average revenue from the six crops, in real 1986 Canadian dollars per hectare, net of WGSP payments and levy contributions. E, and V, are the expectation and whenever substantive changes in policy alter the structural determinants of market equilibrium. Thus, with the abandonment of the WGSP, the published estimates for the western Canadian grain sector lost much of their utility.To overcome lack of robustness inherent in reduced form models, we estimate a structural acreage supply model for western Canada under the assumption that farmers base acreage allocation decisions on the ex ante rational expectation and variance of per-hectare revenues. In order to account directly for the effects of government intervention, a detailed model of the WGSP is incorporated into the estimation framework. The resulting nonlinear rational expectations model is estimated using a combination of standard econometric methods and numerical integration techniques.(1) Due to the absence of stockholding data, we ignore a seventh Koroluk used Monte Carlo simulation methods to analyze procrop covered under the WGSP: mustard, which on average acposed changes in the WGSP, but did not attempt systematic counted for a negligible 0.2% of total production under the econometric estimation of the underlying structural model. program.Amer.
"The concerns around the social costs associated with poor, inadequate diets and unhealthy food choices have received much attention in both the popular and academic literature recently. In response, governments are starting to direct their attention toward the interplay between public health and the food economy. We begin by reviewing some of the known links between food and health, the recommendations coming from international and domestic bodies, and the perspective of industry. We then discuss the potential role of, and justifications for, policy interventions, and note that a failure to incorporate consumer response into the policymaking process has led to suboptimal outcomes in the past. We present a qualitative overview of the possible effects of Canadian agricultural policies, as well as examples from the limited literature in this area. In much the same way that the policymaking process is subject to environmental impact assessments, agricultural and food policies need to be formulated with a health filter in place order to avoid perverse dietary outcomes." Copyright 2006 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
Historically, major agricultural cooperatives in Canada have been intimately involved in commodity policy issues. Large cooperatives were created because farmers were upset about the perceived lack of competition in buying farm inputs or selling farm outputs. Often, the resulting cooperative was the organization farmers saw as the logical organization to represent their view of commodity policy or competition policy. As cooperatives grew and diversified, the ability to represent their members coherently across policy issues was hampered. For processing cooperatives in the supply‐managed sector, the requirement that the cooperative be the political arm of industry, process product, and provide maximum returns to producer members made for a complicated objective function. This paper focuses on the twin objectives of providing efficient member services and performing political lobbying in a public choice framework. The results are illustrated by the recent history of a supply‐managed further‐processing cooperative and a diversified grain cooperative.
. 2000. Economics of N and P fertilization to restore wheat yields on three artificially eroded sites in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: [165][166][167][168][169]. An important economic concept in the evaluation of soil conservation is the ease with which production inputs can be substituted for one another. This concept and economic optimum application rates of N and P fertilizer for wheat grown after fallow were applied to three artificially eroded soils in southern Alberta. Each site had topsoil removed to depths of 0, 10 and 20 cm. Four rates of N (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha -1 ) and three rates of P (0, 11 and 22 kg ha -1 ) were applied to each eroded depth. There were four replications. Fertilizer N and P did not easily substitute for the loss of topsoil. The economic optimum level of N and P was nearly constant across depths of eroded topsoil. Increases in fertilizer N and P applied to eroded soils were primarily to replace lost soil nutrients. It was not economical to apply inorganic fertilizer on these eroded soils at rates that would restore grain yields.Key words: Eroded soil, economics, inorganic fertilizer, wheatSmith, E. G., Peng, Y., Lerohl, M. et Larney, F. J. 2000. Considérations économiques touchant la fumure N et P dans la remise en état des terres à blé à trois emplacements artificiellement érodés dans le sud de l'Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 165-169. Un concept économique important dans l'évaluation des mesures de conservation du sol est la facilité de substitution d'un intrant de production à l'autre. Ce concept ainsi que les doses d'épandage économiquement optimales de fumure azotée (N) et phosphorée (P) utilisées pour la sole de blé après jachère a été appliqué à trois sols artificiellement érodés du sud de l'Alberta. À chaque emplacement, le sol était décapé de la couche arable jusqu'à la profondeur de 10 et de 20 cm. Quatre doses de fumure N (0, 50, 75 et 100 kg ha -1 ) et trois de P (0, 11 et 22 kg ha -1 ) étaient employées pour chaque profondeur d'érosion. Il y avait quatre répéti-tions. La fumure N et la fumure P ne palliaient pas facilement la perte de terre de surface. Le niveau économiquement optimal de N et de P était quasiment constant quelle que soit la profondeur d'érosion. L'augmentation des apports de N et de P dans les sols érodés avait surtout pour résultat de remplacer les éléments nutritifs perdus. L'apport d'engrais minéraux nécessaires pour restituer la productivité céréalière des sols érodés s'est révélé non rentable.
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