Pepper wilt disease intensity was assessed on-farm in Bako Tibbe and Nonno districts of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia during the main cropping season of October 2012. The wilt causing pathogens were identified from 50 diseased samples collected from the two districts. Of the 120 hot pepper fields surveyed, 116 fields were found to be infected with wilt disease. The overall percent prevalence and incidence of wilt disease was 96.7 and 86.4%, respectively. Identification and pathogenicity tests revealed that Ralstonia solanacearum and four fungal wilt pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Verticillium spp.) were detected in the surveyed fields. The percentage of occurrence of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Verticillium spp. were 45.0, 17.48, 12.59 and 11.89%, respectively; whereas, the frequency of R. solanacearum was 100%. Wilt disease in pepper in these two districts was caused by more than one wilt causing pathogen, thus management strategies should focus on these complex pathogens.
In Ethiopia, stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is one of the most serious wheat diseases. On vulnerable cultivars, it has the ability to cause yield losses of up to 100%. The infection responses of forty-two wheat lines at the seedling stage against eleven isolates of stem rust race TTKSK (Ug99 race), TTRTF, TKTTF (Digalu race), JRCQC, TKKTF, TRTTF, TTTTF, TTKTF, TTKTT, RRTTF, and TKPTF were evaluated in a study. Wheat lines were experimentally infected with urediniospores of the races under controlled conditions at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center in 2021. Against the Pgt races that were examined, different seedling resistance responses were seen. Thirteen wheat lines,
Environmental factors play a crucial role in determining the health and well-being of individuals in both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, small towns are particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of environmental factors on health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between environmental factors and health-related outcomes among residents of small towns in Ethiopia. A survey was conducted with a sample of 225 individuals, including questions about demographics, health-related behaviors, and environmental factors. The findings suggest that air pollution, access to green spaces, and physical activity opportunities are important determinants of health in these communities. Addressing these environmental factors requires a comprehensive and community-engaged approach that involves collaboration between various sectors and engagement with community members and local stakeholders. Future research could further explore the relationships between environmental factors and health-related outcomes in small towns of Ethiopia and other low- and middle-income countries.
The study was basically focused on demonstration of bread wheat technologies for wider demand-driven technology diffusion in major wheat growing area in high land of eastern Amhara. The objectives were in order to evaluate and demonstrate improved bread wheat variety with their production package to the farming community and assess farmers and extension workers reaction towards improved bread wheat technology. The activity was conducted in main season 2019/2020 at Jama and Meket districts. The fact that wheat production and productivity in the region as well as in the particular study area low because farmers are using low yielding, disease and pest resistant local varieties. The improved bread wheat variety was demonstrated along with the local variety at 12 farmers' fields. Yield data, economic data, farmers’ perception and preferences were collected throughout the demonstration stages and data were analyzed by using ANOVA, partial budget analysis and preference ranking. The results of ANOVA showed that yield and yield related parameters statistically significant at the probability level of 0.01% and 0.05% among treatments. The highest mean yield was recorded from "Hibist" with improved management 2.49 ton/ha and 1.42 ton/ha at Jama and Meket districts respectively followed by local with improved management and the lowest was from local with farmers practices. Furthermore, the result of partial budget analysis show that the use of improved and local variety with recommended package more profitable with the MRR of 1.96 and 0.81 than farmer practices at Jama district and 74.26 and 9.26 at Meket district respectively. Farmer preference analysis improved & local variety with improved management ranks 1st and 2nd at Jama respectively while reverse at Meket and lastly ranks farmer practices at both districts. Generally, improved bread wheat with recommended package has higher yield advantage, financial feasibility and social acceptance than control and farmer practices, it is recommended to be scale out for further dissemination.
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