The peach industry faces serious economic losses because of the short “green” life of the fruit at postharvest. In the present study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (PUT) application on the quality characteristics, pattern of ripening, storage behaviour and shelf life of peach fruit during low-temperature storage. The aqueous solution of PUT (0, 1, 2 and 3 mM) was applied to the peach trees at three distinctive stages of fruit growth and development. The fruits, harvested at the commercial stage of maturity, were stored at 1 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 2% relative humidity for 6 weeks. The data for fruit firmness, total soluble solids (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid (AsA) content, rate of ethylene production, chilling injury (CI) index and colour perception were collected at harvest and then on a weekly basis throughout the storage period. The results showed that spray application of PUT significantly reduced the incidence of CI and reduced the rates of fruit softening, loss in fruit weight, SSC, TA, AsA content and fading of skin colour during storage, regardless of the doses of PUT applied, or the time of application. However, the positive effects on the quality characteristics of peach fruit, including CI, were more pronounced with the higher doses of PUT, specifically when applied at 2 mM. In conclusion, CI in peach fruit may be substantially alleviated by the spray application of 1–3 mM PUT during fruit growth without compromising the quality of the fruit for up to 6 weeks in low-temperature storage.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of non-essential heavy metals which is released into environment naturally or anthropogenically. It is highly persistent toxic metals that are exceptionally distressing industrial and agriculture activities by contaminating soil, water and food. Its long-duration endurance in soil and water results in accumulation and uptake into plants, leading to the food chain. This becomes a serious global problem threatening humans and animals as food chain components. Living organisms, especially humans, are exposed to Cd through plants as one of the main vegetative food sources. This review paper is concentrated on the symptoms of the plants affected by Cd toxicity. The absorption of Cd triggers several seen and unseen symptoms by polluted plants such as stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis and wilting. Apart from that, factors that affect the uptake and translocation of Cd in plants are elaborated to understand the mechanism that contributes to its accumulation. By insight of Cd accumulation, this review also discussed the phytoremediation techniques-phytoextraction, phytostimulation, phytostabilization, phytovolatization and rhizofiltration in bioremediating the Cd.
This study assessed effects of irrigation water regimes and humic acid (HA) application on vegetative growth, yield, tuber quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato. Five irrigation treatments were applied at three developmental stages; (WR1) control (100 % crop evapotranspiration, 100 % ETc) at all plant growth, (WR2) 75 % ETc at all stages, (WR3) 75 % ETc at stage S1 (vegetative growth), (WR4) 75 % ETc at stage S2 (tuber initiation), and (WR5) 75 % ETc at stage S3 (tuber bulking). HA was applied at a rate of 1.5 g L −1 30 day after seed pieces planting. Plants experiencing water stress at S1 were shorter with fewer branches and lower fresh and dry vine weights. Water stress imposed at S2 significantly reduced tuber number, size, and yield. HA application increased vegetative growth, tuber weight, yield, WUE, and tuber quality (specific gravity and starch content). Thus, applying 1.5 g L −1 HA during vegetative growth and a 75 % ET water regime at S3 can increase potato production and tuber quality while reducing water use.Resumen En este estudio se evaluaron los efectos de los regímenes de agua de riego y la aplicación del ácido húmico (HA) en el crecimiento de la planta, rendimiento, calidad de tubérculo y la eficiencia del uso del agua (WUE) de la papa. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos de riego en tres estados de desarrollo; (WR1) testigo (100 % evapotranspiración del cultivo, 100 % ETc) a todo el crecimiento vegetativo, (WR2) 75 % ETc en todas las etapas, (WR3) 75 % ETc en la etapa S1 (crecimiento vegetativo), (WR4) 75 % ETc en la etapa S2 (iniciación de tubérculo), y (WR5) 75 % ETc en la etapa S3 (llenado de tubérculo). Se aplicó HA a un nivel de 1.5 g*L-1 30 días después de la siembra de las unidades de semilla. Las plantas que experimentaron agobio hídrico en S1 fueron más cortas con menos ramas y pesos más bajos fresco y seco del follaje. El agobio hídrico impuesto en S2 redujo significativamente el número de tubérculos, el tamaño y el rendimiento. La aplicación de HA aumentó el crecimiento vegetativo, el peso de tubérculo, el rendimiento, WUE, y la calidad del tubérculo (gravedad específica y contenido de almidón). De aquí que la aplicación de 1.5 g*L-1 de HA durante el crecimiento vegetativo y un régimen de agua de 75 % de ET en S3 puede aumentar la producción de papa y la calidad del tubérculo mientras se reduce el uso del agua.
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