Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an immune response largely mediated by natural killer (NK) cells that can lyse target cells and combat tumors and viral infections. However, the role of ADCC in response to primary HIV infection is poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the ADCC response and evaluated its characteristics in 85 HIV-infected individuals, including 42 with primary infections. Our results showed that ADCC occurs during acute infection, and the earliest ADCC response to a single peptide was detected at 52 days. Primary HIV-infected individuals exhibiting ADCC responses had lower viral set points than those with no ADCC response, and functional analyses demonstrated that the ADCC response could significantly inhibit viral infection during primary HIV infection. HIV epitopes that provoked the ADCC response were determined and three relatively conserved epitopes (HNVWATYACVPTDPNPQE, TSVIKQACPKISFDPIPI, and VVSTQLLLNGSLAEEEII) from the surface of the three-dimensional structure of the HIV Env protein were identified. Overall, our data indicate that ADCC responses may be significant for the control of HIV from an early stage during infection. These findings merit further investigation and will facilitate improvements in vaccines or therapeutic interventions against HIV infection.
Following our previous work [M. Lin, Multiple positive solutions for a class of weighted nonlinear elliptic equations, preprint, 2006], we give an exact growth order near zero for positive solutions of a class of weighted elliptic equations and use it to give the existence of multiple positive solutions and sign changing solutions of the considered problem.
The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic significance of serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis detection in diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). One hundred and five patients were investigated. The detection rate of M protein by immunofixation electrophoresis detection was better (105 cases, 100%) than that of serum protein electrophoresis (101 cases, 96.19%, p<0.001). The M band was not detected by serum protein electrophoresis in four cases (3.81%), among which one case (0.95%) was identified as IgA type and 3 cases (2.86%) as light chain type after immunoglobulin analysis. Immunofixation electrophoresis detection technique can be used for screening M protein in patients with atypical MM; and immunofixation electrophoresis detection technique can increase the diagnosis accuracy in patients with atypical MM.
Objectives: To investigate the value of urine immunofixation electrophoresis in prognostic evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma. Methods: Thirty-four patients with multiple myeloma admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from November 2013 to December 2014 were included as research subjects. All patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were followed up for five years. Outcomes were evaluated according to the recovery status: complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progression disease (PD). In addition, the overall response rate (CR+VGPR) of patients was observed and their urine immunoglobulin status was measured by immunofixation electrophoresis. The Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to plot the survival curve, and the Log-rank method was adopted to analyze the relationship between CR+VGPR and PR and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survival in patients with myeloma. Results: The basic clinical type of immunofixation electrophoresis was as follows: 19 cases (55.88%) of IgG, 7 cases (20.59%) of IgA, 6 cases (17.65%) of IgM, and 2 cases (5.88%) of light chain type. Outcomes: 13 cases (38.24%) of CR, 12 cases (35.29%) of VGPR, 9 cases (26.47%) of PR, and 25 cases (73.53%) of the overall response rate (CR+VGPR). Compared with IgG, CR, VGPR and PR of IgA, IgM and light chain had statistically significant differences in outcome (p<0.05), and CR+VGPR of patients with IgG was higher than that of patients with IgA, IgM and light chain type (p<0.05). Two of the 34 patients were lost to follow-up. The log-rank analysis showed that the survival rate of patients with CR+VGPR was higher than that of patients with PR (p<0.05). Patients with IgA, IgM, and light chain type had an increased number of prognostic death compared with those with IgG (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with IgG type myeloma are superior to those with IgA, IgM and light chain type in terms of the prognosis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which has a certain clinical reference value. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4425 How to cite this:Zhu S, Yang C, Li W, Lin M. Application of urine immunofixation electrophoresis in prognostic evaluation of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):315-319. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4425 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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