Strong early vigour plays a crucial role in wheat yield improvement by enhancing resource utilization efficiency. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) combines the elite genes of tetraploid wheat with Aegilops tauschii and has been widely used in wheat genetic improvement for its abundant genetic variation. The two SHWs Syn79 and Syn80 were derived from the crossing of the same tetraploid wheat DOY1 with two different Ae. tauschii accessions, AT333 and AT428, respectively. The Syn80 possessed better early vigour traits than Syn79, theretically caused by their D genome from Ae. tauschii. To dissect their genetic basis in a hexaploid background, 203 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Syn79 x Syn80 were developed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for four early biomass related traits: plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), shoot fresh weight (SFW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) per plant, under five different environmental conditions. Determined from the data of SNP markers, two genome regions on 1DS and 7D were stably associated with the four early biomass related traits showing pleiotropic effects. Four stable QTLs QPh.
Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)
Synthetic chemical pesticides are primarily used to manage plant pests and diseases, but their widespread and unregulated use has resulted in major health and environmental hazards. Using biocontrol microbes and their bioactive compounds is a safe and sustainable approach in plant protection. In this study, a furoic acid (FA) compound having strong antibacterial activity against soil-borne phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum [causal agent of bacterial wilt (BW) disease] was isolated from Aspergillus niger and identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furoic acid compound through spectroscopic analyses (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS), electron ionization MS, and NMR). The SEM study of bacterial cells indicated the severe morphological destructions by the FA compound. The FA was further evaluated to check its potential in enhancing host resistance and managing tomato BW disease in a greenhouse experiment and field tests. The results showed that FA significantly enhanced the expression of resistance-related genes (PAL, LOX, PR1, and PR2) in tomato and caused a significant reduction (11.2 log10 colony-forming units/g) of the R. solanacearum population in soil, resulting in the reduction of bacterial wilt disease severity on tomato plants and increase in plant length (58 ± 2.7 cm), plant biomass (28 ± 1.7 g), and root length (13 ± 1.2 cm). The findings of this study suggested that the fungus-derived FA compound can be a potential natural compound of biological source for the soil-borne BW disease in tomato.
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