S and N co-doped, few-layered graphene oxide is synthesized by using pyrimidine and thiophene as precursors for the application of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The dual-doped catalyst with pyrrolic/graphitic N-dominant structures exhibits competitive catalytic activity (10.0 mA cm(-2) kinetic-limiting current density at -0.25 V) that is superior to that for mono N-doped carbon nanomaterials. This is because of a synergetic effect of N and S co-doping. Furthermore, the dual-doped catalyst also shows an efficient four-electron-dominant ORR process, which has excellent methanol tolerance and improved durability in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalysts.

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Iron (II) phthalocyanine coated on single-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized as a non-noble electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The composite exhibited higher activity than the commercial Pt/C catalyst, and excellent anti-crossover effect for methanol oxidation in the ORR.