Abstract. Wastes from agriculture or sewage systems have several properties, such as huge volume, high humidity, and high organic composition. According to past studies, sugarcane extract, peanut shells and rice husks have high silicon content. Chemical conversion of biomass feedstock will enhance usage and provide value to agricultural waste. In this research, we applied hydrothermal carbonization to convert silicon-rich waste biomass to produce silicon-doped liquid fertilizer. The experimental trial comprised five different treatments: the application of rice husks, peanut shells and sugarcane extract, silicon carbide fertilizer, water and soil without any additives. Concentrations used were 6% rice husk, peanut shells and sugarcane extract carbide liquid fertilizer, 30% water and 50% dried soil. The concentration effect of synthesized liquid on plant growth was compared. The statistical comparison showed that peanut shell application had a significant effect on cabbage seed germination and improved the plant's growth rate when silicon carbide content was increased. When the content of silicon carbide in the liquid fertilizer was higher than 12%, crop growth was inhibited.
With the increased importance of a circular economy in the world, in this paper we present a practical “butterfly model” (proposed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation) case report: to gain extra benefits in rice cropping through hybridizing green products of mineral waste and agricultural waste recycling. Hydrothermal biorefinery was used to turn spent agricultural biomass into a value-added biomass nutrient solution (BNS). BNS and sericite mineral waste were mixed and used as a new hybrid mineral–hydrothermal fertilizer for rice cropping. The most important extra benefit of this new hybrid mineral–hydrothermal fertilizer was that the empty grains could be reduced to 1–4 grains/spike (normally, it is 12–18 grains/spike), without significantly decreasing the panicle weight or spike saturation. This case report provides a new logic for circular design at the “node” point of a butterfly diagram.
To reduce the problem and secondary pollution of agricultural wastes in Taiwan, this research prepared biomass nutrient solution (BNS) was prepared from three kinds of agricultural wastes, sugarcane peel, peanut shells, and rice husks, under an equal mixing ratio in a hydrothermal reactor with pure water at a higher temperature of 200 °C and at a higher pressure of 15 atm. BNS was used to irrigate soil for the tomato growth experiments in a nethouse. In comparison with blank, the plant height was increased by 15cm, the stem thickness was increased by 0.4mm, the number of green leaves for a single plant was increased by 2, the number of fruits was increased by 2, and the fruit weight for each plant was increased by 108g. Therefore, the application of spraying the BNS on tomato can improve the plant growth in height, the control late tomato blight disease was also observed.
Abstract. There is a trend to develop three-wheel motorcycles because of their better
stability and superior cornering ability compared to 1F1R (one front wheel and one rear wheel) motorcycles. The
main purpose of this study is to establish a design process for the 2F1R (two front wheels and one rear wheel)
three-wheel tilting mechanism and to reduce the turning radius to fulfill
steering geometry in order to reduce the steering torque for a better handling feel.
This research is divided into two parts: first, an existing steering tilting
mechanism is selected as a design reference, and creative design methods
are applied to set design constraints and requirements to facilitate a
new mechanism design. A steering tilting mechanism is developed based on the
design parameters of the steering mechanism and design objectives. Then
Simpack software is employed to simulate handling tests on various routes and to
verify the design model. The steering torque of the new mechanism is found
to be much higher than that of the design reference. Therefore, the next
step is to apply the Taguchi method to optimize the steering mechanism and
to ensure that the parameter combination that satisfies the design objectives for the steering
mechanism is selected. Finally, the route evaluation indexes are obtained from handling test simulations. From the results of the steering
characteristics of the reference and research vehicle, the steering torque
is found to be directly related to the response capability. Furthermore, the
steering torque of the research vehicle is reduced by the optimization
analysis using the Taguchi method, and the route evaluation indexes indicate that
the vehicle's handling characteristics were improved.
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