The cause of acute pediatric rhabdomyolysis is different from that of adult rhabdomyolysis. The risk of acute renal failure in children is much less than the risk reported for adults.
Osteosarcoma (OS) remains the most common primary malignant bone cancer affecting children and adolescents. Majority of patients are subjected to surgery and chemotherapy with limited alternatives to consider. However, with increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of OS, advancements in OS therapy research fields have developed potential agents for a more targeted and localised approach to treatment. Thus, this review attempts to examine some common treatment strategies (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) employed clinically as well as recent developments in newer experimental therapy methods (gene therapy) which might potentially benefit patients.
Objectives This review sheds insight into an increasingly popular polymer that has been widely explored as a potential drug delivery system. The abundant, biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide chitosan, with many other favourable properties, has been favoured as a drug delivery system for the purposes of encapsulating and delivery of doxorubicin with reduced side-effects. Key findings Doxorubicin is frequently used as a frontline chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of cancers. It has largely been able to demonstrate anti-tumour effects, though there are major shortfalls of doxorubicin, which include serious side-effects such as cardiomyopathy and myelosuppression, and also an ever-present danger of extravasation during drug administration. In view of this, drug delivery systems are currently being explored as alternative methods of drug delivery in a bid to more effectively direct doxorubicin to the specific lesion site and reduce its systemic side-effects. Liposomes and dendrimers have been tested as potential carriers for doxorubicin; however they are not the focus of this review. Summary Recent advancements in doxorubicin and chitosan technology have shown some preliminary though promising results for cancer therapy.
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