In the title compound, C11H10N3O4S+·C2F3O2 −, the benzene ring makes an angle of 87.3 (2)° with the pyridinium ring. The nitro group is essentially coplanar with the benzene ring. The F atoms of the CF3 group are disordered over two positions with almost equal occupancy [0.531 (12)/0.469 (12)]. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 294 K Mean (C-C) = 0.003 Å R factor = 0.038 wR factor = 0.111 Data-to-parameter ratio = 12.6For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see

The title compound, C18H15ClN2O2, contains planar pyrazole, tolyl and chloro­phenyl rings. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into dimers. The carbonyl O atom is found to be disordered.

Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 294 K Mean (C-C) = 0.004 Å Disorder in main residue R factor = 0.046 wR factor = 0.131 Data-to-parameter ratio = 15.2 For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see

Mesoporous Ti-Co oxides were synthesized via a replication route, using a 3-D wormlike mesoporous silica as template and tetra-tert-butyl orthotitanate (TBOT) and Co(NO 3 ) 2 as source materials. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 -physisorption, TEM, EDS, and UV/Vis-DRS and found to possess a spherical morphology and a 3-D wormhole-like mesoporous structure, with the average pore size between 4.5 and 16.0 nm. The pore walls consisted mainly of a cobalt-incorporated anatase phase. The Co 3? ions were generated in the replicated mesoporous Co-Ti oxides, via the transfer of electrons from Co 2? to Ti 4? ions. The formation of cobalt-incorporated anatase phase and Co 3? ions were both favored by larger Co/Ti atomic ratios and by relatively low calcination temperatures. The specific surface area decreased and the mesopore sizes increased, with increasing Co/Ti atomic ratio or calcination temperature. The average crystal size of the anatase phase decreased with increasing Co/Ti atomic ratio but increased with increasing calcination temperature. The photocatalytic activity of the replicated mesoporous Co-Ti oxides in the degradation of methyl orange dye was investigated. It was observed that the photocatalytic activity increased with increasing Co/Ti atomic ratio and exhibited a maximum with increasing calcination temperature. With the exception of those prepared at too high calcination temperatures, the replicated mesoporous Co-Ti oxides were much more active than the pure titania. It is concluded that, in addition to a higher diffusion, the cobalt-containing anatase, as the active phase, and the Co 3? ions, as the active sites, are responsible for the high photocatalytic activity of the replicated mesoporous Co-Ti oxide.