Herd immunity through vaccination is a key measure to control COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a public health threat, which is still common among healthcare workers (HCWs). This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on HCWs’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and analyse associated factors to provide information for vaccine policy development and practice. We searched PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and three Chinese databases for literature published on 12 February 2021. Two researchers screened the literature independently, and 13 studies were included in the systematic review. Vaccine acceptance varied widely and ranged from 27.7% to 77.3%. HCWs had positive attitudes towards future COVID-19 vaccines, while vaccine hesitancy was still common. Demographic variables such as men, older age and physicians were positive predictive factors. Women and nurses had more vaccine hesitancy. Previous influenza vaccination and self-perceived risk were facilitators. Concerns for safety, efficacy and effectiveness and distrust of the government were barriers. Influences of direct (COVID-19) patient care towards vaccination intention were less conclusive. Tailored communication strategies were needed to increase the uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs. More importantly, more data and information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines should be provided with transparency.
Background The frequent occurrence and increasing severity of major emerging infectious diseases (MEIDs) have posed considerable public health, economic and social issues worldwide. The emergency preparedness of public is inadequate to respond to and recover from MEIDs. Due to the limitation of time, space and resources, it is also difficult to carry out large-scale emergency preparedness training related to MEIDs. Then we developed a virtual interactive training system to improve emergency preparedness of public, including preparation of legal compliance, emergency knowledge, emergency capacity, economic estimation, material reserve and physical and mental health. Methods A protocol for conducting a randomized controlled trail to evaluate the People’s War against Pandemic, a virtual interactive training system aimed to improve emergency preparedness of public for MEIDs. During the intervention, participants need to complete the storyline task at least once a day, watch at least one article and one video in the knowledge corner, and complete a retest of wrong choices in the intelligent evaluation module. The primary outcome is emergency preparedness of public for MEIDs. The secondary outcome is prevention and control knowledge of MEIDs. Discussion The People’s War Against Pandemic may be an effective approach to provide public with a panoramic understanding of the response to MEIDs, so as to promote their comprehensive preparation and finally achieve effective response. Trial registration This study was funded in 2021 and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2200060919) in June 2022. Recruitment and enrollment of participants began in July 2022.
BACKGROUND Sufficient emergency preparedness is the key factor to respond effectively and recover from major emergent infectious diseases (MEID). However, in the face of MEID, public emergency preparedness is insufficient, so it is urgent to improve public emergency preparedness. The rapid development of virtual reality and human-computer interaction provides unprecedented opportunities for innovative education methods. OBJECTIVE To design a virtual reality interactive training system (VRITS) to improve public emergency preparedness under MEID, so that the public can respond effectively and recover from MEID. METHODS This study takes the interactive narrative theory, situated learning theory and human-computer interaction theory as the theoretical framework to guide the design of software. Using literature research method and Delphi method, consulting and interviewing multi-disciplinary experts such as pedagogy, medicine, psychology, public health and computer to determine the educational content framework and operating system framework of the VRITS. RESULTS The VRITS is named the People’s War Against Epidemic. The educational content framework includes 21 knowledge, emotion and behavior skills in six aspects, such as cooperating with prevention and control work, improving basic equipment, ensuring personal safety, preparing economic resources, managing self-emotion, and improving emergency response ability. The operating system framework includes virtual interactive training module, knowledge corner module, intelligent evaluation module and community forum module, and the core module is a virtual interactive training module. In this module, users control the virtual characters to move in various scenes in the community, and then identify and analyze the controllability and harmfulness of the evolving epidemic and selects the correct prevention and control strategy to avoid infection by themselves and others. CONCLUSIONS The People’s War Against Epidemic creates a realistic learning situation for the trainers, enhances the immersion and experience of the trainers, enriches the theoretical system and education resource database of emergency preparedness training under the MEID, and improves the effectiveness, fairness, accessibility and participation of education.
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