Inter-set peripheral cooling can improve high-intensity resistance exercise performance. However, whether foot cooling (FC) would increase 1 repetition maximum (RM) lower-limb strength is unclear. This study investigated the effect of intermittent FC on 1 RM leg press strength. Ten recreational male lifters performed three attempts of 1 RM leg press with FC or non-cooling (NC) in a repeated-measures crossover design separated by 5 days. FC was applied by foot immersion in 10 °C water for 2.5 min before each attempt. During the 1 RM test, various physiological measures were recorded. The results showed that FC elicited higher 1 RM leg press strength (Δ [95% CI]; Cohen's d effect size [ES]; 13.6 [7.6–19.5] kg; ES = 1.631) and electromyography values in vastus lateralis (57.7 [ 8.1–107.4] μV; ES = 0.831) and gastrocnemius (15.1 [-3.1–33.2] μV; ES = 0.593) than in NC. Higher arousal levels (felt arousal scale) were found in FC (0.6 [0.1–1.2]; ES = 0.457) than in NC. In conclusion, the preliminary findings, although limited, suggest intermittent FC has a potential ergogenic role for recreational athletes to enhance maximal lower-limb strength and may partly benefit strength-based competition events.

Given the "geographic environment" and "population distribution," Asia Pacific region not only faces both higher risks of climate change and refugees due to the climatic catastrophe. 2012 ADB report indicated that natural disasters triggered by the climate change from 2010 to 2011 in Asia Pacific region had caused over 42 million people homeless, and it could get worse by times if the international society doesn't make any efforts. Ironically, although the main countries like China, Japan, India, New Zealand and Australia also face the potential threats of Asia-Pacific climate refugees, their economic development are fast enough to support them to adjust to climatic catastrophe. Therefore, they pay little attention to these governance problems. In this light, this article will first introduce the ideas of Critical Security Studies and illustrate the ways it is applied to research analysis. Secondly, this article will review the development stages of the Asia-Pacific climate refuge's problems, explaining the background of its formation, its influence and developing tendency. Finally, the author will give a reflection through the approach of Critical Security Studies, and formulate some contentions about relieving the threats of the Asia-Pacific climate refugees.