Amorphous nitrogen-containing carbon was successfully prepared by carbonization of furfural in a deep eutectic mixture of urea and choline chloride. Primary amine groups were able to be anchored to the carbon in a one-pot solvothermal carbonization procedure. XPS analysis showed that nitrogen predominantly bound within the solid as well as at the surface. An abundance of functional groups on the surface of the carbon during the carbonization process generated large, graphite-like interlayer spaces. N-doped carbon exhibits reactive surfaces because nitrogen can easily be further modified through the grafting of other chemical groups. The carbon obtained by this innovative approach may be a good matrix for solid phase extraction because of its narrow pore size.
Coal is absolute dominance in reserves-to-production ratio terms. The development of fuels derived from pyrolysis of low-rank coals is beneficial to lower fossil fuels cost and greenhouse gas emissions. The research proposal briefly summarized energy situation and sustainable development strategy as they were by 2013 at first. Then some recent process in the understanding of the pyrolysis behaviors of coal was reviewed. The influencing factors of atmospheres, additives, and catalysts during coal pyrolysis will be followed to literature. The review paper on pyrolysis characteristics will achieve the development of advanced technologies for the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coals
Bioinorganic complexes of nicotinic acid with trivalent antimony and bismuth are synthesized by solid-liquid reaction at room temperature. The formula of the complexes is Sb(C5H4NCOOH)2Cl3•H2O and Bi(C5H4NCOOH)2Cl3•H2O respectively. The crystal structure of the complex of nicotinic acid and Sb(III) belongs to triclinic system and that of nicotinic acid and Bi(III) belongs to monoclinic system. Thermal analysis can indicate the complex formation between antimony or bismuth ion and nicotinic acid.
An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal was performed in a tubular furnace for comparison of product (tar, water, gas and char) yields and composition. The coal sample selected was Huai Nan bituminous coal (HN), while the biomass used was cotton stalk (CS), and the blending ratio of biomass in mixtures was 0/100, 5/100, 10/100, 20/100, 30/100, and 50/100. The blends of coal and biomass were heated 600°C at 5°C/min, and then kept for 15 min during the pyrolysis. The results indicated that there exist synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal. The tar yield was 9.33% higher than the theoretical value at the CS blending ratio of 5/100. The maximum light oil content in tar was 9.67% higher than the theoretical value at the CS blending ratio of 10/100.
The solid complex of antimony trichloride with thiourea was synthesized by solid-solid reaction or liquid state reaction of antimony trichloride and thiourea. The formula of solid complex is all SbCl3[CS(NH2)2]3. The crystal structure of the complex belongs to monoclinic system and the lattice parameters are: a = 1.2426 nm, b = 1.6396 nm, c = 1.9254 nm and β = 96.24° for solid-solid reaction, and a = 1.2343 nm, b = 1.6585 nm, c = 1.9252 nm and β = 96.46° for liquid state reaction, respectively. The infrared spectra reveal that antimony ion in the complex is coordinated only by the sulfur atom of CS(NH2)2. The possible pyrolysis reactions in the thermal decomposition process of the complex, the experimental and calculated percentage mass loss were also given.
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