Impaired school functions varied in ASD youths with different characteristics. Youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encounter varying levels and domains of impaired performance at schools, such as lower academic performance, negative attitude toward school work, fewer reciprocal friendships, and more behavioral problems. Our results indicate that ASD youths without intellectual disability had better academic performance, but worse attitude toward school than those with intellectual disability. Co-occurrence with ADHD is associated with school dysfunction. In summary, intelligence and comorbid ADHD influences several domains of school functions.
There was limited data on sleep patterns, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in both south China adolescents and Macau adolescents. A school-based epidemiologic study (861 from Guangdong site and 618 from Macau) was conducted among high school adolescents from both sites. We found that Macau adolescents had slightly shorter nocturnal sleep duration during weekdays [mean (SD) ¼ 7:24 (1:06) vs. 7:31 (0:35), p ¼ 0.008] but longer nocturnal sleep duration during weekends [mean (SD) ¼ 9:56 (1:40) vs. 8:48 (1:23)] than Guangdong adolescents. The rates of overall insomnia were 16.5% and 22.9% for Macau adolescents and Guangdong adolescents respectively (p 5 0.001). Macau adolescents had higher scores in modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale than Guangdong adolescents. Multivariate analysis showed that study site was the most robust predictors for most of these variables of interest. Adolescents in Guangdong had shorter sleep duration, increased rates of insomnia, and habitual napping but were less sleepy than adolescents in Macau.
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